ALL STATUSES / CONTROLLER PORTFOLIO

Alliance Resource Partners LP

Membership and operating status are from the latest MSHA Mines snapshot. Open a mine for its ownership history.

MSHA CONTROLLER IDC15455

MINE PORTFOLIO

52 of 52 mines and facilities

2025-01-01 – 2026-10-28. All statuses records; production reporting is not required.

MineLocation / typeCoal · short tonsHours workedViolationsAccident recordsOn-site inspection hours
CARDINAL1517216 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHopkins, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)6,732,3141,639,1251,1107910,629.8
Excel #51519838 · Active6/8 quarters reportedPike, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)959,134504,585280203,955.8
Gibson South1202388 · Active6/8 quarters reportedGibson, INUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)8,342,1261,376,266183394,993.5
Hamilton County Coal Processing1103242 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHamilton, ILFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)0118,92584278.5
Henderson County Mine1502709 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHenderson, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)6,109,8381,079,642541696,154.3
Mettiki General1800671 · Active6/8 quarters reportedGarrett, MDFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)0128,02495119.8
Mid-America Carbonates LLC1103176 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHardin, ILFacility · MSHA: Crushed, Broken Limestone NEC027,7402014.5
MINE NO. 11103203 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHamilton, ILUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)8,095,5751,211,252318424,635.0
Mountain View Mine4609028 · Active6/8 quarters reportedTucker, WVUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)1,387,915538,176165232,034.3
Preparation Plant1517733 · Active6/8 quarters reportedPike, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)080,736281400.5
River View Facilities1503178 · Active6/8 quarters reportedUnion, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)0269,430346397.8
RIVER VIEW MINE1519374 · Active6/8 quarters reportedUnion, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)8,971,2681,910,316560748,660.0
TUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864 · Active6/8 quarters reportedOhio, WVUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)8,756,2351,710,129224524,294.8
Warrior Preparation Plant1514335 · Active6/8 quarters reportedHopkins, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)0124,119100354.5
Central Shop1517378 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Coiltown Mine1517678 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Dotiki Mine1502132 · AbandonedWebster, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
East Hanson Mine1517740 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
East Volunteer1502013 · AbandonedHopkins, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Elk Creek Mine1518826 · Abandoned and SealedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Foxfire Mine1516460 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Gibson Mine1202215 · Abandoned and SealedGibson, INFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Gibson North Processing1202494 · NonProducing6/8 quarters reportedGibson, INSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)07,3752074.5
Hamilton 11502129 · NonProducing6/8 quarters reportedUnion, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)006091.8
Island Mine #11517515 · Abandoned and SealedHopkins, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Lester Loadout4403255 · AbandonedBuchanan, VAFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mettiki Mine1800621 · Abandoned and SealedGarrett, MDFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine #11519264 · AbandonedWebster, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine #41519515 · Abandoned and SealedPike, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine No 11508413 · AbandonedMartin, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine No 14406630 · Abandoned and SealedBuchanan, VAUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine No 21509571 · Abandoned and SealedMartin, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Mine No 31508079 · Abandoned and SealedPike, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
No 1-Tipple1505230 · AbandonedHopkins, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Onton #91518547 · Abandoned and Sealed6/8 quarters reportedWebster, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)0000—
Oriole #2 Mine1517758 · AbandonedHopkins, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Oriole Mine1512083 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Pattiki1102662 · Abandoned and SealedWhite, ILUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Pattiki1103058 · NonProducing6/8 quarters reportedWhite, ILFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)010,4160027.5
Pontiki Plant1518056 · AbandonedMartin, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Preparation Plant #14403236 · AbandonedBuchanan, VAFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
R-37-Fu-R4406867 · AbandonedBuchanan, VAUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Richland No 91517232 · Abandoned and SealedHopkins, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Riveredge Mine1519424 · AbandonedMclean, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Riveredge Surface Operation1519749 · AbandonedMclean, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Rough Creek Mine1518335 · Abandoned and SealedUnion, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Smith Mine1511935 · NonProducing6/8 quarters reportedWebster, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)000017.0
Steyer II1800761 · AbandonedGarrett, MDUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
Sunset Mine1513514 · AbandonedHopkins, KYUnderground · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
UC Processing, LLC1511012 · NonProducing6/8 quarters reportedUnion, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)004076.0
Vision #91517044 · AbandonedWebster, KYFacility · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—
West Volunteer1517377 · AbandonedHopkins, KYSurface · MSHA: Coal (Bituminous)——00—

LOCATION

Portfolio map

52 of 52 mines with usable MSHA coordinates. Select a marker to open a mine.

Mine coordinates

2025-01-01 – 2026-10-28Applies to production, safety and portfolio metrics. Silica samples have separate filters.

Violations

3,484

703 significant & substantial (S&S)

  1. 2025 Q1418
  2. 2025 Q2566
  3. 2025 Q3542
  4. 2025 Q4430
  5. 2026 Q1429
  6. 2026 Q2527
  7. 2026 Q3444
  8. 2026 Q4 *128

Accident records

414

1 records classified as fatality

  1. 2025 Q155
  2. 2025 Q249
  3. 2025 Q371
  4. 2025 Q453
  5. 2026 Q149
  6. 2026 Q258
  7. 2026 Q373
  8. 2026 Q4 *6

Proposed penalties · USD

1,527,505.00

3,223 of 3,484 violations with amounts

  1. 2025 Q1185,166
  2. 2025 Q2250,886
  3. 2025 Q3242,840
  4. 2025 Q4223,297
  5. 2026 Q1238,348
  6. 2026 Q2214,411
  7. 2026 Q3172,557
  8. 2026 Q4 *—

On-site inspection hours

47,209.50

1,074 inspections · 1,074 with hours

  1. 2025 Q16,151.25
  2. 2025 Q26,751.00
  3. 2025 Q36,978.75
  4. 2025 Q46,749.50
  5. 2026 Q16,363.00
  6. 2026 Q26,900.25
  7. 2026 Q36,204.50
  8. 2026 Q4 *1,111.25
Quarterly safety data
QuarterViolationsS&SProposed USDAccident recordsFatality recordsInspectionsOn-site hours
2025-Q141880185,166.005501566,151.3
2025-Q256696250,886.004901526,751.0
2025-Q354289242,840.007101576,978.8
2025-Q4430113223,297.005311306,749.5
2026-Q142998238,348.004901296,363.0
2026-Q252798214,411.005801526,900.3
2026-Q3444103172,557.007301596,204.5
2026-Q4 *12826—60391,111.3

Most cited CFR sections

All violations issued in the selected period. Counts combine subsections.

Safety activity

  1. violation5041149
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    75.400 · $366.00 proposed

  2. violation9880171
    Excel #5 · 1519838

    75.342(a)(4) · $165.00 proposed

  3. violation9880170
    Excel #5 · 1519838

    75.220(a)(1) · $366.00 proposed

  4. violation8309282
    Excel #5 · 1519838

    75.503 · $336.00 proposed

  5. accident220252090013
    Henderson County Mine · 1502709

    FALL OF ROOF OR BACK · ACCIDENT ONLY

    Accident narrative

    A fall of the roof occurred in the 1st SE Mains, #11 seam - 3rd 60 Beltline Crosscut 102 - #3 Entry - Spad 13+00. Fall measured approximately 25' length, 16'-18' width, 6'-10' height.

  6. accident220252340020
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    HANDLING OF MATERIALS · NO DYS AWY FRM WRK,NO RSTR ACT

    Accident narrative

    Employee was pulling slack to hang a cable in front of the #1 unit sub when they strained their back. Employee continues to do their normal duties but started physical therapy on 8/13/25.

  7. inspectionF0053D0
    Henderson County Mine · 1502709

    Non-Injury Accident Investigation · 14.0 on-site hours

  8. inspectionF00AAE5
    TUNNEL RIDGE MINE · 4608864

    103(i) Spot Inspections · 5.5 on-site hours

  9. violation9786950
    MINE NO. 1 · 1103203

    75.364(h) · $177.00 proposed

  10. violation9786949
    MINE NO. 1 · 1103203

    75.343(b) · $193.00 proposed

  11. violation9760455
    Henderson County Mine · 1502709

    Description not reported

  12. violation9998669
    Henderson County Mine · 1502709

    75.605 · $151.00 proposed

  13. violation9998668
    Henderson County Mine · 1502709

    75.604(b) · S&S · $336.00 proposed

  14. violation5041538
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    75.400 · S&S · $4,749.00 proposed

  15. violation5041537
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    75.1731(b) · $209.00 proposed

  16. violation9769852
    RIVER VIEW MINE · 1519374

    75.1725(a) · $151.00 proposed

  17. violation9769851
    RIVER VIEW MINE · 1519374

    75.503 · $245.00 proposed

  18. accident220252160043
    Mountain View Mine · 4609028

    SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON · DAYS AWAY FROM WORK ONLY

    Accident narrative

    Employee was walking around skids of dust in a crosscut. Employee slipped/tripped falling on a block landing on their left arm. Employee was seen at family doctor and referred to an orthopedic. On 7/30/25 it was determined they had a torn left triceps tendon and would need surgery.

  19. inspectionF0161CC
    Gibson South · 1202388

    103(i) Spot Inspections · 7.0 on-site hours

  20. violation9780808
    Gibson South · 1202388

    75.901(b)(12) · $151.00 proposed

  21. violation5041536
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    75.400 · S&S · $1,431.00 proposed

  22. violation5041535
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    75.1731(b) · $209.00 proposed

  23. violation5041516
    CARDINAL · 1517216

    Description not reported · $839.00 proposed

  24. violation5044005
    RIVER VIEW MINE · 1519374

    75.606 · $193.00 proposed

  25. violation8309281
    Excel #5 · 1519838

    75.1600-3(a) · $151.00 proposed

Safety sources and definitions

MSHA Violations (issue date), Accidents (accident date), and Inspections (begin date). Snapshot 2026-10-28.

Counts describe published rows, including contractor records; accident records are not distinct incidents or numbers of people injured.

Zero means no matching records in the imported sources, not proof of no events. Historical coverage differs by source; absence before a source begins reporting is not a zero incident rate. Invalid or absent dates and records after the snapshot are excluded.

S&S means SIG_SUB=Y. Fatality records use DEGREE_INJURY_CD=01. Proposed penalties are not final assessed or paid amounts; missing dollar values are omitted.

Inspection hours are SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS attributed to the inspection start date, without supervisor/trainee hours. Missing hours are omitted; a started inspection may still be open.

Portfolio totals use current mine membership, including events before the current owner or operator's tenure.

CFR headings link to the current Title 30 index; they are not historical legal determinations.

Latest EIA month: 2026-08Source checked 2026-10-28 · publication lag differs from MSHA.

REPORTED RECEIPTS · SHORT TONS27,424,457663 rows · 34 receiving plants
HEAT CONTENT · BTU/LB11,905Weighted by reported tons
SULFUR / ASH · % BY WEIGHT2.79 / 8.88Separate averages over measured receipts
DELIVERED COST · USD/TON65.8392.5% of reported tons have usable costs
Quarterly receipts and quality
QuarterShort tonsHeat · Btu/lbSulfur %Ash %Delivered USD/ton
2025-Q3 *2,303,78211,9132.769.1869.62
2025-Q46,763,12911,8652.858.8967.50
2026-Q16,329,33411,8792.718.8265.90
2026-Q26,875,29811,9242.728.8563.48
2026-Q3 *5,152,91411,9602.908.8765.03
Month / sourceMineReceiving plant / supplierShort tonsDelivered USD/tonHeat · Btu/lbSulfur %Ash %PurchaseTransport
2026-08EIA row 13378 · preliminaryHAMILTON COUNTY MINE #11103203Seminole (FL)136 · FL · ALLIANCE COAL164,45471.8311,7952.838.20ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13465 · preliminaryWHITE OAK1103203Bowen703 · GA · ALLIANCE COAL LLC44,12783.2711,8552.898.70ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13468 · preliminaryWHITE OAK1103203Bowen703 · GA · ALLIANCE COAL LLC44,33283.8711,9542.968.10ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13470 · preliminaryWHITE OAK1103203Bowen703 · GA · ALLIANCE COAL LLC72,25079.3312,0162.917.90ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13471 · preliminaryWHITE OAK1103203Bowen703 · GA · ALLIANCE COAL LLC73,91384.2311,9882.958.30ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13499 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Clifty Creek983 · IN · ALLIANCE COAL112,83461.7211,3593.039.20ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13501 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Clifty Creek983 · IN · ALLIANCE COAL42,40956.6511,4312.989.00ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13502 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Clifty Creek983 · IN · ALLIANCE COAL36,13065.7311,3613.039.20ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13578 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Ghent1356 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL23,06755.6011,3623.039.10ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13580 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Ghent1356 · KY · FORE LLC5,09945.2311,0002.759.00ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13583 · preliminaryHAMILTON COUNTY MINE #11103203Ghent1356 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL49,33759.6011,7602.908.70ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13587 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Ghent1356 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL21,35356.5211,3642.959.10ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13589 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Ghent1356 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL79,57956.4811,3603.029.20ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13592 · preliminaryCARDINAL1517216Mill Creek (KY)1364 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL183,16073.5812,4553.008.50ContractBITRail
2026-08EIA row 13595 · preliminaryHAMILTON COUNTY MINE #11103203Mill Creek (KY)1364 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL19,78258.9811,7952.838.40ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13597 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Mill Creek (KY)1364 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL19,70155.3911,3563.049.50ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13598 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Mill Creek (KY)1364 · KY · ALLIANCE COAL29,52655.3411,3463.009.30ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13794 · preliminaryTUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864Cardinal2828 · OH · ALLIANCE COAL25,871—Not published12,6153.008.50ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13799 · preliminaryTUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864Cardinal2828 · OH · ALLIANCE COAL52,391—Not published12,6202.868.50ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13803 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Miami Fort2832 · OH · ALLIANCE COAL19,946—Not published11,4123.049.30SpotBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13807 · preliminaryTUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864Miami Fort2832 · OH · TUNNEL RIDGE LLC5,130—Not published12,6303.178.50SpotBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13815 · preliminaryTUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864Kyger Creek2876 · OH · ALLIANCE COAL64,62458.2412,5952.948.70ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13817 · preliminaryTUNNEL RIDGE MINE4608864Kyger Creek2876 · OH · ALLIANCE COAL32,37962.0712,5853.118.60ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13901 · preliminaryRIVER VIEW MINE1519374Cumberland (TN)3399 · TN · ALLIANCE COAL98,84955.4311,3952.858.90ContractBITRiver
2026-08EIA row 13902 · preliminaryHAMILTON COUNTY MINE #11103203Cumberland (TN)3399 · TN · ALLIANCE COAL46,92557.4311,7112.798.50ContractBITRiver
Coverage, sources and calculations
  • Reported coal receipts at EIA-923 power plants/terminals; this is not a census of mine shipments, exports or metallurgical sales.
  • Matches use only the published MSHA ID, normalized to seven digits. Unidentified mine origins remain in the source table but are not assigned to a mine.
  • Portfolio attribution uses current MSHA ownership, not ownership at the shipment date. Receipts and production can differ because of timing, stocks and coverage.
  • Quality means are weighted by positive reported tons with that measurement. Delivered cost uses only rows with published cost, positive heat and positive tons; missing/withheld costs are never zero-filled.
  • USD/ton = (cents/MMBtu ÷ 100) × MMBtu/ton. This is plant delivered cost, not mine sales price or revenue.
  • Receipt month is as published, including records supplied by annual respondents. Recent months are preliminary and subject to revision. Missing rows do not prove zero shipments.

Imported releases start 2008-01. This window includes 12 published months. EIA releases · Survey instructions

  • 2026 · preliminary · EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_08_2026_22OCT2026.xlsx · Page 5 Fuel Receipts and Costs
  • 2025 · final · EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx · Page 5 Fuel Receipts and Costs

Latest priced year: 2024Source checked 2026-10-28. Prices apply only to their calendar year.

FOB PRICE BENCHMARK · USD/TON103.84Weighted by estimated sales of covered mines
ESTIMATED SALES · SHORT TONS901,264Allocated from published county sales
ESTIMATED COAL REVENUE · USD93,587,284Covered mines only · not reported revenue
ANNUAL PRODUCTION COVERED2.9%1 of 8 producing annual mine records
Mine / countyAnnual production · tonsCounty FOB · USD/tonEst. sales · tonsEst. coal revenue · USDBasis / availability
Excel #51519838 · Pike, Kentucky921,222103.84901,26493,587,284County allocation estimate44.48% of eligible county production10 eligible mines / 10 sales respondents
Pattiki1102662 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Pattiki 1103058 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Mine No. 11103203 · Hamilton, Illinois4,773,185———County sales or price not published1 eligible mines / 1 sales respondents
Hamilton County Coal Processin1103242 · Hamilton, Illinois0———Preparation plant1 eligible mines / 1 sales respondents
Gibson Mine1202215 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Gibson South1202388 · Gibson, Indiana5,698,564———County sales or price not published2 eligible mines / 2 sales respondents
Gibson North Processing1202494 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
East Volunteer1502013 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Hamilton 11502129 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Dotiki Mine1502132 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Henderson County Mine1502709 · Union, Kentucky254,286———County sales or price not published2 eligible mines / 2 sales respondents
River View Facilities1503178 · Union, Kentucky0———Preparation plant2 eligible mines / 2 sales respondents
No 1-Tipple1505230 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Mine No 31508079 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Mine No 11508413 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Mine No 21509571 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
UC Processing, LLC1511012 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Smith Mine1511935 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Oriole Mine1512083 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Sunset Mine1513514 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Warrior Preparation Plant1514335 · Hopkins, Kentucky0———Preparation plant1 eligible mines / 1 sales respondents
Foxfire Mine1516460 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Vision #91517044 · Location unavailable————No matching annual production record
Cardinal1517216 · Hopkins, Kentucky4,406,080———County sales or price not published1 eligible mines / 1 sales respondents
Method, assumptions and source records
  1. This is an annual county-sales allocation, not reported mine or company revenue. Currency is nominal USD in the source year; quantities are short tons.
  2. Mine share = same-year annual mine production / eligible same-county production. Estimated sales = published county sales × share. Estimated coal revenue = estimated sales × published county average FOB price.
  3. The model assumes eligible mines share county sales in proportion to production and receive the county-average price. Matching mine counts is a check, not proof of identical respondents. Mine quality, contracts and sales timing can differ substantially. No statistical confidence interval is implied.
  4. FOB excludes transport and insurance. EIA-923 delivered costs do not enter this model. No grade premium, state/national fallback, quarterly apportionment or carry-forward to a later year is applied.
  5. Eligibility follows the source's production threshold and excludes preparation-only and refuse operations. Withheld values, inconsistent county counts and missing/ambiguous locations produce no estimate.
  6. County sales are published in thousands of tons and prices to cents. Calculations retain precision, but the inputs are rounded and the allocation is approximate.
  7. Portfolio attribution uses current MSHA ownership, not ownership during the sales year. Covered-mine sums exclude unavailable estimates and must not be read as whole-company revenue. Coverage denominators use the annual EIA mine-production release.

Sales-reporting threshold: 50,000 short tons per mine in 2024. Withheld sales or prices stay unavailable.

EIA Table 30 · county sales and FOB prices · EIA annual mine production · Release index

Annual report released November 19, 2025. Method: county-sales-allocation-v1. JSON and CSV preserve source row numbers and file checksums.

SELECTED PORTFOLIO

21 linked operators.

Relationships reflect the selected mine status and current MSHA controller/operator fields.