MINE DETAILS
Ewing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
MSHA MINE ID4609026
LOCATION
Mine location
1 of 1 mine with usable MSHA coordinates. Select a marker to open a mine.
Mine coordinates
- Ewing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine37.91639, -81.31417Open map ↗
Quarterly trends
2025 Q1 – 2026 Q4
Database snapshot · 2026-10-13. MSHA quarterly production and employment reports.
Coal production
931,579reported short tons
Hours worked
315,647reported employee hours
Tons per hour
2.95production ÷ hours worked
Missing values appear as —. Totals use available reports. Tons per hour requires production and hours for the same quarters and a nonzero hours total. * Striped bars mark partial mine coverage or an incomplete quarter. See the table for coverage.
Quarterly data and reporting coverage
| Quarter | Coal (short tons) | Hours worked | Tons / hour | Avg. employees | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 Q1 | 88,663 | 35,853 | 2.47 | 58 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2025 Q2 | 91,106 | 34,657 | 2.63 | 58 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2025 Q3 | 199,747 | 64,683 | 3.09 | 104 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2025 Q4 | 151,132 | 47,057 | 3.21 | 84 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2026 Q1 | 174,523 | 63,850 | 2.73 | 101 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2026 Q2 | 226,408 | 69,547 | 3.26 | 111 | 1/1 mines reporting |
| 2026 Q3 | — | — | — | — | No report |
| 2026 Q4 | — | — | — | — | No report |
Safety and enforcement
2025-01-01 – 2026-10-13
Violations
21 significant & substantial (S&S)
Accident records
100 records classified as fatality
Proposed penalties · USD
2,366.002 of 2 violations with amounts
On-site inspection hours
267.757 inspections · 7 with hours
Counts are published records, including contractor records. * The quarter was incomplete at the snapshot date; recent counts may rise as reports arrive. — means no reported amount or hours. Portfolio totals use current membership.
Quarterly safety data
| Quarter | Violations | S&S | Proposed USD | Accident records | Fatality records | Inspections | On-site hours |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-Q1 | 2 | 1 | 2,366.00 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11.8 |
| 2025-Q2 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.0 |
| 2025-Q3 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 64.0 |
| 2025-Q4 | 0 | 0 | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2026-Q1 | 0 | 0 | — | 2 | 0 | 2 | 103.5 |
| 2026-Q2 | 0 | 0 | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 84.5 |
| 2026-Q3 | 0 | 0 | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2026-Q4 * | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
Most cited CFR sections
All violations issued in the selected period. Counts combine subsections.
| Section | Violations | S&S |
|---|---|---|
| 30 CFR 77.205Travelways at surface installations. | 2 | 1 |
Safety activity
DISORDERS (REPEATED TRAUMA) · OCCUPATNAL ILLNESS NOT DEG 1-6
Accident narrative
The Operator was notified on 8/24/2026, that the employee has been diagnosed with Occupational Hearing Loss.
MACHINERY · NO DYS AWY FRM WRK,NO RSTR ACT
Accident narrative
The employee was getting back in the operators compartment when EE's foot came in contact with the deceleration pedal, causing EE to fall forward, striking EE's head on the cab. The employee's injury was closed with medical adhesive (glue).
HANDTOOLS (NONPOWERED) · NO DYS AWY FRM WRK,NO RSTR ACT
Accident narrative
Standing approx 15 feet from a mechanic who was installing a pin on the high wall miner when a sliver of metal splintered off of the sledge hammer striking me in the left wrist.
Regular Safety and Health Inspection · 84.5 on-site hours
HANDTOOLS (NONPOWERED) · DAYS AWAY FROM WORK ONLY
Accident narrative
Employee was installing a new tire on the water truck, EE was using a hammer to align the tire when the locking ring failed causing a sudden release of energy striking the employee. This resulted in a fracture of the left forearm and front teeth.
103 (g) Written Notification Hazard Complaint Inspectio · 3.0 on-site hours
DUST DISEASE OF LUNGS · OCCUPATNAL ILLNESS NOT DEG 1-6
Accident narrative
The Operator was notified on 2/9/2026 that the employee has been diagnosed with Occupational Pneumoconiosis.
SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON · DAYS AWAY FROM WORK ONLY
Accident narrative
Employee dismounted grader to check tire chains, slipped and fell on ice, injuring left elbow. Employee worked at full duty until 2/2/2026, when EE was taken off work by physician.
Regular Safety and Health Inspection · 100.5 on-site hours
SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON · DAYS AWAY FROM WORK ONLY
Accident narrative
The employee was mounting a D11 Dozer, when EE lost EE's balance reaching for the grab rail, falling off the track to the ground.
DUST DISEASE OF LUNGS · OCCUPATNAL ILLNESS NOT DEG 1-6
Accident narrative
The Operator was notified on 11/25/2025 that the employee has been diagnosed with Occupational Pneumoconiosis.
SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON · DAYS RESTRICTED ACTIVITY ONLY
Accident narrative
EMPLOYEE WAS CLIMBING OFF A D10R DOZER AND MISSED THE BOTTOM STEP ON THE PUSH ARM TWISTING RIGHT KNEE
Regular Safety and Health Inspection · 62.3 on-site hours
Special Emphasis Programs · 1.8 on-site hours
Verbal Hazard Complaint Inspections · 4.0 on-site hours
77.205(a) · $398.00 proposed
77.205(e) · S&S · $1,968.00 proposed
OTHER · INJURIES DUE TO NATURAL CAUSES
Accident narrative
The employee reported chest pains to EE's co-worker and subsequentially lost consciousness. EMTs treated the employee who regained consciousness. The employee was transported to the hospital where EE was diagnosed with arrhythmia and anxiety. EE was treated and released and returned to work on EE's next regularly scheduled shift. This was a medical event, not work related.
Spot Inspection · 11.8 on-site hours
Safety sources and definitions
MSHA Violations (issue date), Accidents (accident date), and Inspections (begin date). Snapshot 2026-10-13.
Counts describe published rows, including contractor records; accident records are not distinct incidents or numbers of people injured.
Zero means no matching records in the imported sources, not proof of no events. Historical coverage differs by source; absence before a source begins reporting is not a zero incident rate. Invalid or absent dates and records after the snapshot are excluded.
S&S means SIG_SUB=Y. Fatality records use DEGREE_INJURY_CD=01. Proposed penalties are not final assessed or paid amounts; missing dollar values are omitted.
Inspection hours are SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS attributed to the inspection start date, without supervisor/trainee hours. Missing hours are omitted; a started inspection may still be open.
Portfolio totals use current mine membership, including events before the current owner or operator's tenure.
CFR headings link to the current Title 30 index; they are not historical legal determinations.
EIA-923 · COAL RECEIPTS
Coal shipments and quality
Receipts reported by power plants and terminals, matched by MSHA mine ID.
Quarterly receipts and quality
| Quarter | Short tons | Heat · Btu/lb | Sulfur % | Ash % | Delivered USD/ton | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-Q3 * | 27,731 | 12,553 | 1.84 | 9.23 | 80.70 | |
| 2026-Q2 | 1,377 | 12,465 | 0.91 | 9.95 | 79.30 |
| Month / source | Receiving plant / supplier | Short tons | Delivered USD/ton | Heat · Btu/lb | Sulfur % | Ash % | Purchase | Transport |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05EIA row 8191 · preliminary | John E Amos3935 · WV · ALPHA COAL | 1,377 | 79.30 | 12,465 | 0.91 | 9.95 | ContractBIT | River |
| 2025-08EIA row 22506 · final | John E Amos3935 · WV · ALLIANCE COAL | 20,132 | 74.31 | 12,630 | 2.26 | 8.50 | ContractBIT | River |
| 2025-08EIA row 22508 · final | John E Amos3935 · WV · ALPHA COAL | 4,483 | 99.67 | 12,415 | 0.71 | 10.85 | ContractBIT | River |
| 2025-08EIA row 22525 · final | Mitchell (WV)3948 · WV · ALPHA COAL | 3,116 | 94.67 | 12,250 | 0.73 | 11.59 | ContractBIT | River |
Delivered cost includes transport and is not mine revenue. Missing prices remain blank. * Fewer than three months are published in the selected quarter. Receipts reflect the months EIA has published; an unfinished quarter is not comparable with a full quarter. Portfolio matches use current ownership.
Coverage, sources and calculations
- Reported coal receipts at EIA-923 power plants/terminals; this is not a census of mine shipments, exports or metallurgical sales.
- Matches use only the published MSHA ID, normalized to seven digits. Unidentified mine origins remain in the source table but are not assigned to a mine.
- Portfolio attribution uses current MSHA ownership, not ownership at the shipment date. Receipts and production can differ because of timing, stocks and coverage.
- Quality means are weighted by positive reported tons with that measurement. Delivered cost uses only rows with published cost, positive heat and positive tons; missing/withheld costs are never zero-filled.
- USD/ton = (cents/MMBtu ÷ 100) × MMBtu/ton. This is plant delivered cost, not mine sales price or revenue.
- Receipt month is as published, including records supplied by annual respondents. Recent months are preliminary and subject to revision. Missing rows do not prove zero shipments.
Imported releases start 2008-01. This window includes 12 published months. EIA releases · Survey instructions
- 2026 · preliminary · EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_07_2026_21SEP2026.xlsx · Page 5 Fuel Receipts and Costs
- 2025 · final · EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx · Page 5 Fuel Receipts and Costs
EIA ANNUAL COAL REPORT · 2024
Coal prices and estimated revenue
Annual county prices and a production-based allocation of county coal sales.
The estimate assumes each eligible mine receives its county-average price and shares county sales in proportion to production. Actual sales and prices can differ substantially. All producing annual records in this selection have estimates. Annual price data uses a separate window from the MSHA charts.
| Mine / county | Annual production · tons | County FOB · USD/ton | Est. sales · tons | Est. coal revenue · USD | Basis / availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ewing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine4609026 · Raleigh, West Virginia | 364,587 | 145.53 | 373,112 | 54,298,935 | County allocation estimate5.16% of eligible county production12 eligible mines / 12 sales respondents |
Method, assumptions and source records
- This is an annual county-sales allocation, not reported mine or company revenue. Currency is nominal USD in the source year; quantities are short tons.
- Mine share = same-year annual mine production / eligible same-county production. Estimated sales = published county sales × share. Estimated coal revenue = estimated sales × published county average FOB price.
- The model assumes eligible mines share county sales in proportion to production and receive the county-average price. Matching mine counts is a check, not proof of identical respondents. Mine quality, contracts and sales timing can differ substantially. No statistical confidence interval is implied.
- FOB excludes transport and insurance. EIA-923 delivered costs do not enter this model. No grade premium, state/national fallback, quarterly apportionment or carry-forward to a later year is applied.
- Eligibility follows the source's production threshold and excludes preparation-only and refuse operations. Withheld values, inconsistent county counts and missing/ambiguous locations produce no estimate.
- County sales are published in thousands of tons and prices to cents. Calculations retain precision, but the inputs are rounded and the allocation is approximate.
- Portfolio attribution uses current MSHA ownership, not ownership during the sales year. Covered-mine sums exclude unavailable estimates and must not be read as whole-company revenue. Coverage denominators use the annual EIA mine-production release.
Sales-reporting threshold: 50,000 short tons per mine in 2024. Withheld sales or prices stay unavailable.
EIA Table 30 · county sales and FOB prices · EIA annual mine production · Release index
Annual report released November 19, 2025. Method: county-sales-allocation-v1. JSON and CSV preserve source row numbers and file checksums.
OWNERSHIP
Operator and controller history
Current ownership comes from MSHA Mines. Historical start and end dates come from MSHA Controller and Operator History.
—
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.controlsRepublic Energy LLCoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Metallurgical Resources InccontrolsRepublic Energy LLCoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, InccontrolsRepublic Energy LLCoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Massey Energy CompanycontrolsRepublic Energy LLCoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Metallurgical Resources InccontrolsRepublic Energy Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, InccontrolsRepublic Energy Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, InccontrolsPioneer Fuel CorporationoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, InccontrolsPioneer FueloperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.controlsPioneer FueloperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Foundation Coal CorporationcontrolsPioneer FueloperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Rag AktiengesellschaftcontrolsPioneer FueloperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.controlsRepublic Energy Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Massey Energy CompanycontrolsRepublic Energy Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.controlsPioneer Fuel CorporationoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Foundation Coal CorporationcontrolsPioneer Fuel CorporationoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Rag AktiengesellschaftcontrolsPioneer Fuel CorporationoperatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.controlsSimmons Fork Mining, Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Foundation Coal CorporationcontrolsSimmons Fork Mining, Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026—
Rag AktiengesellschaftcontrolsSimmons Fork Mining, Inc.operatesEwing Fork No. 1 Surface Mine
msha-controller-operator-history · controller/operator co-tenure derived on mine 4609026Other historical summaries · source-specific periods
RECORD SUMMARY
Production, safety and enforcement
These summaries use the periods stated on each card, independently of the reporting period above.
01 / SAFETYwatch
Accidents and injuries
56 historical accident/injury rows; 0 coded fatalities and 1,970 lost days across the published record.
ACCIDENT + INJURY RECORD17 since 2021
accidentsmine-production-quarterly02 / COMPLIANCEwatch
Violations and penalties
184 violation rows across the full record; 71 carry an S&S flag and $62,420 appears in current assessed amounts.
ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY40 since 2021
inspectionsviolationsassessed-violationsorders-107a03 / HEALTHwatch
Occupational health samples
617 coal dust; 43 coal quartz; 105 noise. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 9 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE765 samples
coal-dust-samplesquartz-samplesnoise-samples04 / PRODUCTIONcontext
Quarterly production and employment
70K employee hours and 111 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
2026-Q2226K tons
mine-production-quarterlymine-production-yearly05 / LEGALwatch
Contests, conferences and decisions
15 contested-violation rows, 15 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 10 conference records linked by issuance number.
POST-ISSUANCE LIFECYCLE40 linked rows
conferencescontested-violationscivil-penalty-dockets-decisions06 / CONTRACTORScontext
Contractors
Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
ENTITY-LEVEL CONTEXT31 linked entities
contractor-production-quarterlycontractor-production-yearlyaccidentsviolations07 / INSPECTIONScontext
Inspections
81 inspection events and 5K published inspection hours across the historical record.
OVERSIGHT COVERAGE23 since 2021
inspectionsviolationsHEALTH SAMPLING
Silica and quartz
Coal quartz, metal/nonmetal personal samples and area samples. Snapshot Oct 13, 2026. 43 silica records across the mine’s published history.
Coal quartz concentration
Quarterly mean · µg/m³ · not-voided samples
— No eligible measurements. * Quarter in progress. Means describe the available samples, not average exposure across the mine.
Quartz % is the sample’s quartz content; µg/m³ is its reported concentration. Personal C/E is the ratio to the limit published with that sample. Personal and area concentration units and void status are not specified in those source files.
| Date / sample | Dataset / analyte | Occupation / area | Measurement | Sample status | Published action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 58575683 / lab 2026036364 | Coal quartzQuartz | HIGHWALL DRILL OPERATORDESIGNATED WORK POSITION | 16 µg/m³10% quartz | Not voided | Not reported |
| 58574191 / lab 2026013351 | Coal quartzQuartz | BULLDOZER OPERATORDESIGNATED WORK POSITION | 25 µg/m³12.8% quartz | Not voided | Not reported |
| 58574600 / lab 2026013350 | Coal quartzQuartz | BULLDOZER OPERATORDESIGNATED WORK POSITION | 42 µg/m³19.4% quartz | Not voided | Not reported |
Sources and interpretation
- Coal means use numeric concentrations from samples marked not voided, excluding control/invalid sample types and dates after the snapshot. Missing values remain null; reported zeroes remain zero.
- Quarterly means describe available samples, not mine-wide or worker-average exposure. Quarters with no eligible measurements remain empty; the current quarter is partial.
- Personal C/E is MSHA's published concentration-to-limit ratio. A value above 1 is not by itself a citation or a determination under the 2024 silica rule. Personal and area files do not publish a void-status field.
- Area records include bulk-dust analyses and are kept separate from personal exposure results. Their concentration units are not specified in the source dictionary.
- Missing samples do not establish safe conditions. Coal quartz percentage and concentration are separate measures. No compliance threshold is inferred for coal samples.
Coal quartz field definitions ↗Metal/nonmetal personal field definitions ↗Metal/nonmetal area field definitions ↗
EIA + TITLE 30
EIA production and cited regulations
EIA annual figures are reported separately from MSHA. Regulation links use the current eCFR snapshot.
ANNUAL COAL PRODUCTION364,587short tons
- LABOR HOURS
- 131,384
- AVG EMPLOYEES
- 52
- SUPPLY REGION
- Appalachia Central
- UNION
- No union code published
- OPERATION
- Mine only
- COMPANY TYPE
- Operating Subsidiary
1 published EIA row aggregated under this MSHA ID. Components remain available in JSON.
30 CFR 77.205Travelways at surface installations.2 recent rows ↗30 CFR 77.1606Loading and haulage equipment; inspection and maintenance.4 recent rows ↗30 CFR 77.410Mobile equipment; automatic warning devices.2 recent rows ↗30 CFR 77.404Machinery and equipment; operation and maintenance.2 recent rows ↗30 CFR 77.1103Flammable liquids; storage.1 recent row ↗30 CFR 77.412Compressed air systems.1 recent row ↗
RECENT PUBLIC RECORDS
Recent violations and samples
Latest records retained for inspection; aggregates above use the full source history.
502385077.205(a)Citation
502384977.205(e)S&S
984540877.1606(c)Citation
984540777.1606(c)Citation
984540677.410(a)(1)Citation
984340877.404(a)S&S
984340777.404(a)S&S
984340677.1103(d)Citation
Coal dust, noise and other contaminants. Silica records above ↑
Coal dustHIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR
.362 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR
.041 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHLIFT OPERATOR/FRONT END LOADER
.141 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR
.166 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustREFUSE TRUCK DRIVER/BACKFILL TRUCK DRIVE
.049 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHLIFT OPERATOR/FRONT END LOADER
.058 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR
.079 mg/m³Not voided
Coal dustHIGHLIFT OPERATOR/FRONT END LOADER
.11 mg/m³Not voided
SOURCE COVERAGE
Reporting dates and coverage
17 datasets contain linked records. Missing datasets are listed below.
DATASETROWSWINDOWSTATUS
Accident, Injuries, and Illnessessafety · contractors56Apr 10, 2005—Aug 24, 2026mine-keyed
Addresses of Recordidentity · logistics1Apr 23, 2015—Apr 23, 2015mine-keyed
Assessed Violationscompliance · legal179Dec 8, 2004—Feb 3, 2025mine-keyed
Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisionscompliance · legal15Mar 23, 2006—Sep 14, 2022mine-keyed
Coal Dust Sampleshealth · safety617Dec 14, 2004—Sep 28, 2026mine-keyed
Conferencescompliance · legal10Dec 6, 2006—Jul 9, 2018mine-keyed
Contested Violationscompliance · legal15Nov 7, 2005—Apr 6, 2022mine-keyed
Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterlycontractors · production · safety4,102Not published—Not publishedentity-linked
Contractor Employment and Production — Yearlycontractors · production · safety844Not published—Not publishedentity-linked
Controller and Operator Historyidentity · compliance19Feb 20, 2004—Nov 27, 2018mine-keyed
Mine Employment and Production — Quarterlyproduction · safety · compliance125Not published—Not publishedmine-keyed
Mine Employment and Production — Yearlyproduction · safety · compliance23Not published—Not publishedmine-keyed
Inspectionssafety · compliance81Jun 24, 2004—Jun 26, 2026mine-keyed
Minesidentity · production · logistics1Not published—Not publishedmine-keyed
Metal and Nonmetal Area Sampleshealth · safety—No published rowsabsent / not applicable
Metal and Nonmetal Personal Health Sampleshealth · safety—No published rowsabsent / not applicable
Noise Sampleshealth · safety · equipment105Mar 4, 2009—Mar 26, 2026mine-keyed
Quartz Samples — Coalhealth · safety43Aug 27, 2013—Aug 31, 2026mine-keyed
Violationscompliance · safety · legal184Dec 8, 2004—Feb 3, 2025mine-keyed
107(a) Orders Issuedsafety · compliance—No published rowsabsent / not applicable
NOTES
Limitations
- Contractor production is entity-level and is never represented as mine-attributable.
- Missing rows can mean no event, publication delay, identity mismatch, or inapplicability.