# Gemini Surface Mine

- **MSHA mine ID:** 4609589
- **Status:** NonProducing
- **Type / commodity:** Surface / Coal (Bituminous)
- **Location:** Wyoming, WV
- **Operator:** Onyx Energy, LLC
- **Controller:** Mohegan Energy Trustees LLC
- **Public source rows linked:** 401
- **Source coverage:** 17 / 20
- **Generated:** 2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z

## Current entity hierarchy

**Mohegan Energy Trustees LLC (0141301) → Onyx Energy, LLC (0098205) → Gemini Surface Mine (4609589)**

Current identity source: `msha-mines`. This is a current snapshot, not a historical claim.

## Controller and operator valid-time history

- **Bobby  Justus → Monument Mining Inc:** 2020-02-11 through 2023-10-22; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609589; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Mohegan Energy Trustees LLC → Onyx Energy, LLC:** 2023-10-23 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609589; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Richard G  Preservati II → Onyx Energy, LLC:** 2023-10-23 through 2018-05-15; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609589; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.

- History rows: 3
- Typed edges: 8
- Interval anomalies: 1
- Valid-time bounds: inclusive; date granularity; null end means open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control.
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00.

## Assessment signals

1. **SAFETY — 1 since 2021:** Accidents and injuries 1 historical accident/injury rows; 0 coded fatalities and 17 lost days across the published record.
2. **COMPLIANCE — 13 since 2021:** Violations and penalties 18 violation rows across the full record; 3 carry an S&S flag and $2,706 appears in current assessed amounts.
3. **HEALTH — 69 samples:** Occupational health samples 49 coal dust; 3 coal quartz; 17 noise. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 0 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
4. **PRODUCTION — 0 tons:** Quarterly production and employment 0 employee hours and 0 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
5. **LEGAL — 7 linked rows:** Contests, conferences and decisions 3 contested-violation rows, 3 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 1 conference records linked by issuance number.
6. **CONTRACTORS — 2 linked entities:** Contractors Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
7. **INSPECTIONS — 13 since 2021:** Inspections 17 inspection events and 346 published inspection hours across the historical record.

## EIA annual operating context

No matched record in the 2024 EIA coal-public workbook. This may be inapplicable for a non-coal operation.

## Recent Title 30 crosswalk

Snapshot current through 2026-08-19.

- **30 CFR 71.403 — Waiver of surface facilities requirements; posting of waiver.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-71/subpart-E/section-71.403
- **30 CFR 77.404 — Machinery and equipment; operation and maintenance.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-E/section-77.404
- **30 CFR 77.1605 — Loading and haulage equipment; installations.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1605
- **30 CFR 77.1606 — Loading and haulage equipment; inspection and maintenance.** (5 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1606
- **30 CFR 71.400 — Bathing facilities; change rooms; sanitary flush toilet facilities.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-71/subpart-E/section-71.400
- **30 CFR 77.1103 — Flammable liquids; storage.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1103
- **30 CFR 77.1007 — Drilling; general.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-K/section-77.1007

## Source coverage

- **Accident, Injuries, and Illnesses:** 1 rows; 2024-02-07 through 2024-02-07; source ID `msha-accidents`
- **Addresses of Record:** 1 rows; 2022-01-26 through 2022-01-26; source ID `msha-addresses`
- **Assessed Violations:** 18 rows; 2020-06-25 through 2023-03-15; source ID `msha-assessed-violations`
- **Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisions:** 3 rows; 2021-09-23 through 2021-09-23; source ID `msha-civil-penalty-dockets-decisions`
- **Coal Dust Samples:** 49 rows; 2020-04-29 through 2023-03-16; source ID `msha-coal-dust-samples`
- **Conferences:** 1 rows; 2021-04-27 through 2021-04-27; source ID `msha-conferences`
- **Contested Violations:** 3 rows; 2021-03-08 through 2021-03-09; source ID `msha-contested-violations`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 196 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-quarterly`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Yearly:** 51 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-yearly`
- **Controller and Operator History:** 3 rows; 2020-02-11 through 2023-10-23; source ID `msha-controller-operator-history`
- **Inspections:** 17 rows; 2020-06-25 through 2026-10-07; source ID `msha-inspections`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 15 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-quarterly`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Yearly:** 4 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-yearly`
- **Mines:** 1 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mines`
- **Noise Samples:** 17 rows; 2020-07-22 through 2023-03-16; source ID `msha-noise-samples`
- **Quartz Samples — Coal:** 3 rows; 2020-07-22 through 2023-03-16; source ID `msha-quartz-samples`
- **Violations:** 18 rows; 2020-06-25 through 2023-03-15; source ID `msha-violations`

## Caveats

- This is public-record decision support, not legal advice or an official MSHA record.
- Missing data can indicate no event, publication delay, an unresolved identity, or inapplicability.
- Contractor production data is entity-level and is not attributed to this mine.

## Alternate representations

- HTML: `/mines/gemini-surface-mine-4609589`
- JSON: `/api/v1/mines/gemini-surface-mine-4609589`
- Silica records, units, sample status and quarterly means: `/api/v1/mines/4609589/silica` (snapshot year by default; `?year=all` for history; `&format=csv` for all matching rows)
- Relationship JSON: `/api/v1/mines/4609589/relationships`
- MCP resource: `mine://4609589/assessment`
- Complete Title 30 corpus: `/data/title30-sections.json`