# MINE NO. 44

- **MSHA mine ID:** 4609523
- **Status:** Active
- **Type / commodity:** Underground / Coal (Bituminous)
- **Location:** Mcdowell, WV
- **Operator:** Twin State Mining, Inc.
- **Controller:** Cleveland-Cliffs Inc
- **Public source rows linked:** 5,448
- **Source coverage:** 16 / 20
- **Generated:** 2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z

## Current entity hierarchy

**Cleveland-Cliffs Inc (M00106) → Twin State Mining, Inc. (0075785) → MINE NO. 44 (4609523)**

Current identity source: `msha-mines`. This is a current snapshot, not a historical claim.

## Controller and operator valid-time history

- **ArcelorMittal → XMV, Inc.:** 2016-12-16 through 2020-12-08; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **William G  Skewes → XMV, Inc.:** 2016-12-16 through 2008-10-19; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Cleveland-Cliffs Inc → XMV, Inc.:** 2020-12-09 through 2021-11-17; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Gregory  Jessee et al → Twin State Mining, Inc.:** 2021-11-18 through 2008-12-04; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **ArcelorMittal → Twin State Mining, Inc.:** 2021-11-18 through 2020-12-08; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Cleveland-Cliffs Inc → Twin State Mining, Inc.:** 2021-11-18 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4609523; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.

- History rows: 6
- Typed edges: 13
- Interval anomalies: 3
- Valid-time bounds: inclusive; date granularity; null end means open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control.
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00.

## Assessment signals

1. **SAFETY — 6 since 2021:** Accidents and injuries 6 historical accident/injury rows; 0 coded fatalities and 133 lost days across the published record.
2. **COMPLIANCE — 523 since 2021:** Violations and penalties 523 violation rows across the full record; 97 carry an S&S flag and $304,361 appears in current assessed amounts.
3. **HEALTH — 4K samples:** Occupational health samples 3,661 coal dust; 156 coal quartz; 114 noise. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 8 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
4. **PRODUCTION — 82K tons:** Quarterly production and employment 68K employee hours and 120 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
5. **LEGAL — 14 linked rows:** Contests, conferences and decisions 7 contested-violation rows, 7 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 0 conference records linked by issuance number.
6. **CONTRACTORS — 3 linked entities:** Contractors Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
7. **INSPECTIONS — 50 since 2021:** Inspections 50 inspection events and 4K published inspection hours across the historical record.

## EIA annual operating context

- **Reporting year:** 2024
- **Production:** 237,341 short tons
- **Labor hours:** 274,083
- **Average employees:** 121
- **Coal supply region:** Appalachia Central
- **Union code:** Not published
- **Published rows under this MSHA ID:** 1

## Recent Title 30 crosswalk

Snapshot current through 2026-08-19.

- **30 CFR 75.512 — Electric equipment; examination, testing and maintenance.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-F/section-75.512
- **30 CFR 75.370 — Mine ventilation plan; submission and approval.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-D/section-75.370
- **30 CFR 75.380 — Escapeways; bituminous and lignite mines.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-D/section-75.380
- **30 CFR 75.701 — Grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-H/section-75.701
- **30 CFR 75.503 — Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.** (3 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-F/section-75.503
- **30 CFR 72.630 — Drill dust control at underground areas of underground mines.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-72/subpart-E/section-72.630
- **30 CFR 75.604 — Permanent splicing of trailing cables.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-G/section-75.604
- **30 CFR 75.400 — Accumulation of combustible materials.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-E/section-75.400
- **30 CFR 77.1607 — Loading and haulage equipment; operation.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1607

## Source coverage

- **Accident, Injuries, and Illnesses:** 6 rows; 2023-06-07 through 2026-01-14; source ID `msha-accidents`
- **Addresses of Record:** 1 rows; 2023-03-20 through 2023-03-20; source ID `msha-addresses`
- **Assessed Violations:** 499 rows; 2022-03-25 through 2026-07-15; source ID `msha-assessed-violations`
- **Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisions:** 7 rows; 2026-01-22 through 2026-09-15; source ID `msha-civil-penalty-dockets-decisions`
- **Coal Dust Samples:** 3,661 rows; 2022-06-17 through 2026-10-07; source ID `msha-coal-dust-samples`
- **Contested Violations:** 7 rows; 2025-07-01 through 2026-01-14; source ID `msha-contested-violations`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 311 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-quarterly`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Yearly:** 58 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-yearly`
- **Controller and Operator History:** 6 rows; 2016-12-16 through 2021-11-18; source ID `msha-controller-operator-history`
- **Inspections:** 50 rows; 2022-03-21 through 2026-10-01; source ID `msha-inspections`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 38 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-quarterly`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Yearly:** 10 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-yearly`
- **Mines:** 1 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mines`
- **Noise Samples:** 114 rows; 2022-06-17 through 2026-04-20; source ID `msha-noise-samples`
- **Quartz Samples — Coal:** 156 rows; 2023-03-21 through 2026-09-03; source ID `msha-quartz-samples`
- **Violations:** 523 rows; 2022-03-25 through 2026-10-07; source ID `msha-violations`

## Caveats

- This is public-record decision support, not legal advice or an official MSHA record.
- Missing data can indicate no event, publication delay, an unresolved identity, or inapplicability.
- Contractor production data is entity-level and is not attributed to this mine.

## Alternate representations

- HTML: `/mines/mine-no-44-4609523`
- JSON: `/api/v1/mines/mine-no-44-4609523`
- Silica records, units, sample status and quarterly means: `/api/v1/mines/4609523/silica` (snapshot year by default; `?year=all` for history; `&format=csv` for all matching rows)
- Relationship JSON: `/api/v1/mines/4609523/relationships`
- MCP resource: `mine://4609523/assessment`
- Complete Title 30 corpus: `/data/title30-sections.json`