# JV 16 Mine

- **MSHA mine ID:** 4406748
- **Status:** Abandoned
- **Type / commodity:** Underground / Coal (Bituminous)
- **Location:** Buchanan, VA
- **Operator:** Mountaineer Metallurgical Holdings LLC
- **Controller:** C6 Ventures LLC; Mark  Nelson
- **Public source rows linked:** 11,244
- **Source coverage:** 17 / 20
- **Generated:** 2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z

## Current entity hierarchy

**C6 Ventures LLC; Mark  Nelson (0157861) → Mountaineer Metallurgical Holdings LLC (0172933) → JV 16 Mine (4406748)**

Current identity source: `msha-mines`. This is a current snapshot, not a historical claim.

## Controller and operator valid-time history

- **Sunoco, Inc. → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 1993-09-01 through 1994-02-15; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Pinion David → Taylor Ann Coal Inc:** 1994-02-16 through 1995-10-18; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Glen W  Hubbard → Blake Coal Company Inc:** 1995-10-19 through 1996-03-14; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Sunoco, Inc. → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 1996-03-15 through 1998-02-11; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Robert P  Ratliff → Rat Contractors Inc:** 1998-02-12 through 1998-12-15; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Sunoco, Inc. → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 1998-12-16 through 2004-03-07; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **James  Taylor et al → Chad Coal Corporation:** 2004-03-08 through 2007-02-25; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Coy  Taylor et al → Chad Coal Corporation:** 2004-03-08 through 2007-02-25; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Sunoco, Inc. → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 2007-02-26 through 2012-01-16; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **SunCoke Energy Incorporated → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 2012-01-17 through 1994-02-15; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **SunCoke Energy Incorporated → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 2012-01-17 through 1998-02-11; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **SunCoke Energy Incorporated → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 2012-01-17 through 2004-03-07; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **SunCoke Energy Incorporated → Dominion Coal Corporation:** 2012-01-17 through 2015-02-25; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Cullen  Ratliff → Abby Contractors, Inc.:** 2015-02-26 through 2015-07-09; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Steven T  Ratliff et al → Mavrick Coal Inc:** 2015-07-10 through 2016-03-30; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Noah L  Vandyke et al → Mavrick Coal Inc:** 2015-07-10 through 2016-03-30; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Jeffery A  Hoops → Blackjewel L.L.C.:** 2016-03-31 through 2019-09-01; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Rhino Resource Partners LP → Jewell Valley Mining LLC:** 2019-09-02 through 2020-09-28; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Mark  Nelson Et Al → Mountaineer Metallurgical Holdings LLC:** 2020-09-29 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **C6 Ventures LLC Et Al → Mountaineer Metallurgical Holdings LLC:** 2020-09-29 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4406748; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.

- History rows: 20
- Typed edges: 44
- Interval anomalies: 3
- Valid-time bounds: inclusive; date granularity; null end means open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control.
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00.

## Assessment signals

1. **SAFETY — 0 since 2021:** Accidents and injuries 37 historical accident/injury rows; 1 coded fatalities and 1,433 lost days across the published record.
2. **COMPLIANCE — 3 since 2021:** Violations and penalties 2,246 violation rows across the full record; 574 carry an S&S flag and $1,099,321 appears in current assessed amounts.
3. **HEALTH — 3K samples:** Occupational health samples 2,990 coal dust; 112 coal quartz; 170 noise. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 14 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
4. **PRODUCTION — 0 tons:** Quarterly production and employment 806 employee hours and 5 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
5. **LEGAL — 1,704 linked rows:** Contests, conferences and decisions 834 contested-violation rows, 834 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 36 conference records linked by issuance number.
6. **CONTRACTORS — 11 linked entities:** Contractors Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
7. **INSPECTIONS — 12 since 2021:** Inspections 179 inspection events and 19K published inspection hours across the historical record.

## EIA annual operating context

No matched record in the 2024 EIA coal-public workbook. This may be inapplicable for a non-coal operation.

## Recent Title 30 crosswalk

Snapshot current through 2026-08-19.

- **30 CFR 75.1711 — Sealing of mines.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-R/section-75.1711
- **30 CFR 77.215-1 — Refuse piles; identification.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-C/section-77.215-1
- **30 CFR 75.364 — Weekly examination.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-D/section-75.364
- **30 CFR 77.215 — Refuse piles; construction requirements.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-C/section-77.215
- **30 CFR 77.1606 — Loading and haulage equipment; inspection and maintenance.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1606
- **30 CFR 77.1104 — Accumulations of combustible materials.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1104
- **30 CFR 77.1605 — Loading and haulage equipment; installations.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1605
- **30 CFR 75.1403 — Other safeguards.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-O/section-75.1403
- **30 CFR 77.410 — Mobile equipment; automatic warning devices.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-E/section-77.410

## Source coverage

- **Accident, Injuries, and Illnesses:** 37 rows; 2004-06-01 through 2020-01-13; source ID `msha-accidents`
- **Addresses of Record:** 1 rows; 2026-08-13 through 2026-08-13; source ID `msha-addresses`
- **Assessed Violations:** 2,221 rows; 2004-04-22 through 2024-12-04; source ID `msha-assessed-violations`
- **Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisions:** 834 rows; 2008-10-17 through 2019-10-23; source ID `msha-civil-penalty-dockets-decisions`
- **Coal Dust Samples:** 2,990 rows; 2004-04-06 through 2020-08-24; source ID `msha-coal-dust-samples`
- **Conferences:** 36 rows; 2007-05-08 through 2018-09-26; source ID `msha-conferences`
- **Contested Violations:** 834 rows; 2007-10-15 through 2019-05-02; source ID `msha-contested-violations`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 1,078 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-quarterly`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Yearly:** 264 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-yearly`
- **Controller and Operator History:** 20 rows; 1993-09-01 through 2020-09-29; source ID `msha-controller-operator-history`
- **Inspections:** 179 rows; 2004-02-17 through 2026-07-08; source ID `msha-inspections`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 180 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-quarterly`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Yearly:** 41 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-yearly`
- **Mines:** 1 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mines`
- **Noise Samples:** 170 rows; 2004-07-12 through 2020-08-04; source ID `msha-noise-samples`
- **Quartz Samples — Coal:** 112 rows; 2004-04-06 through 2020-08-04; source ID `msha-quartz-samples`
- **Violations:** 2,246 rows; 2004-04-22 through 2025-01-07; source ID `msha-violations`

## Caveats

- This is public-record decision support, not legal advice or an official MSHA record.
- Missing data can indicate no event, publication delay, an unresolved identity, or inapplicability.
- Contractor production data is entity-level and is not attributed to this mine.

## Alternate representations

- HTML: `/mines/jv-16-mine-4406748`
- JSON: `/api/v1/mines/jv-16-mine-4406748`
- Silica records, units, sample status and quarterly means: `/api/v1/mines/4406748/silica` (snapshot year by default; `?year=all` for history; `&format=csv` for all matching rows)
- Relationship JSON: `/api/v1/mines/4406748/relationships`
- MCP resource: `mine://4406748/assessment`
- Complete Title 30 corpus: `/data/title30-sections.json`