# 1 PIT AND MILL

- **MSHA mine ID:** 4402828
- **Status:** Abandoned
- **Type / commodity:** Surface / Pigment Minerals
- **Location:** Pulaski, VA
- **Operator:** OXERRA AMERICAS, INC.
- **Controller:** Kevin  Miles
- **Public source rows linked:** 644
- **Source coverage:** 13 / 20
- **Generated:** 2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z

## Current entity hierarchy

**Kevin  Miles (0131061) → OXERRA AMERICAS, INC. (0149213) → 1 PIT AND MILL (4402828)**

Current identity source: `msha-mines`. This is a current snapshot, not a historical claim.

## Controller and operator valid-time history

- **Charles E  Hoover → Hoover Color Corp:** 1950-01-01 through 2016-06-30; derived from co-tenure at mine 4402828; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Kevin  Miles → Oxerra Americas, Inc.:** 2016-07-01 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4402828; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.

- History rows: 2
- Typed edges: 6
- Interval anomalies: 0
- Valid-time bounds: inclusive; date granularity; null end means open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control.
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00.

## Assessment signals

1. **SAFETY — 0 since 2021:** Accidents and injuries 8 historical accident/injury rows; 0 coded fatalities and 397 lost days across the published record.
2. **COMPLIANCE — 9 since 2021:** Violations and penalties 77 violation rows across the full record; 14 carry an S&S flag and $9,320 appears in current assessed amounts.
3. **HEALTH — 37 samples:** Occupational health samples 37 personal. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 0 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
4. **PRODUCTION — 0 tons:** Quarterly production and employment 400 employee hours and 1 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
5. **LEGAL — 1 linked rows:** Contests, conferences and decisions 0 contested-violation rows, 0 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 1 conference records linked by issuance number.
6. **CONTRACTORS — 1 linked entities:** Contractors Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
7. **INSPECTIONS — 10 since 2021:** Inspections 62 inspection events and 1K published inspection hours across the historical record.

## EIA annual operating context

No matched record in the 2024 EIA coal-public workbook. This may be inapplicable for a non-coal operation.

## Recent Title 30 crosswalk

Snapshot current through 2026-08-19.

- **30 CFR 50.30 — Preparation and submission of MSHA Form 7000-2—Quarterly Employment and Coal Production Report.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-I/part-50/subpart-D/section-50.30
- **30 CFR 56.4011 — Abandoned electric circuits.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-C/section-56.4011
- **30 CFR 56.11002 — Handrails and toeboards.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-J/section-56.11002
- **30 CFR 56.14101 — Brakes.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-M/section-56.14101
- **30 CFR 56.12004 — Electrical conductors.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-K/section-56.12004
- **30 CFR 56.14207 — Parking procedures for unattended equipment.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-M/section-56.14207
- **30 CFR 56.12030 — Correction of dangerous conditions.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-K/section-56.12030
- **30 CFR 56.14100 — Safety defects; examination, correction and records.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-M/section-56.14100

## Source coverage

- **Accident, Injuries, and Illnesses:** 8 rows; 2008-06-27 through 2020-07-13; source ID `msha-accidents`
- **Addresses of Record:** 1 rows; 2025-04-28 through 2025-04-28; source ID `msha-addresses`
- **Assessed Violations:** 77 rows; 2000-06-27 through 2024-07-17; source ID `msha-assessed-violations`
- **Conferences:** 1 rows; 2017-03-03 through 2017-03-03; source ID `msha-conferences`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 68 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-quarterly`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Yearly:** 12 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-yearly`
- **Controller and Operator History:** 2 rows; 1950-01-01 through 2016-07-01; source ID `msha-controller-operator-history`
- **Inspections:** 62 rows; 2000-06-26 through 2025-04-28; source ID `msha-inspections`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 247 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-quarterly`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Yearly:** 51 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-yearly`
- **Mines:** 1 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mines`
- **Metal and Nonmetal Personal Health Samples:** 37 rows; 2001-04-26 through 2023-09-07; source ID `msha-personal-health-samples`
- **Violations:** 77 rows; 2000-06-27 through 2024-07-17; source ID `msha-violations`

## Caveats

- This is public-record decision support, not legal advice or an official MSHA record.
- Missing data can indicate no event, publication delay, an unresolved identity, or inapplicability.
- Contractor production data is entity-level and is not attributed to this mine.

## Alternate representations

- HTML: `/mines/1-pit-and-mill-4402828`
- JSON: `/api/v1/mines/1-pit-and-mill-4402828`
- Silica records, units, sample status and quarterly means: `/api/v1/mines/4402828/silica` (snapshot year by default; `?year=all` for history; `&format=csv` for all matching rows)
- Relationship JSON: `/api/v1/mines/4402828/relationships`
- MCP resource: `mine://4402828/assessment`
- Complete Title 30 corpus: `/data/title30-sections.json`