# Sandow Mine

- **MSHA mine ID:** 4100356
- **Status:** Abandoned
- **Type / commodity:** Surface / Coal (Lignite)
- **Location:** Milam, TX
- **Operator:** Alcoa Inc
- **Controller:** Alcoa Inc
- **Public source rows linked:** 3,996
- **Source coverage:** 16 / 20
- **Generated:** 2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z

## Current entity hierarchy

**Alcoa Inc (C13555) → Alcoa Inc (P19817) → Sandow Mine (4100356)**

Current identity source: `msha-mines`. This is a current snapshot, not a historical claim.

## Controller and operator valid-time history

- **TXU → Texas Utilities Electric Company:** 1950-01-01 through 1988-08-31; derived from co-tenure at mine 4100356; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.
- **Alcoa Inc → Alcoa Inc:** 1988-09-01 through current/open; derived from co-tenure at mine 4100356; source `msha-controller-operator-history`.

- History rows: 2
- Typed edges: 6
- Interval anomalies: 0
- Valid-time bounds: inclusive; date granularity; null end means open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control.
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00.

## Assessment signals

1. **SAFETY — 0 since 2021:** Accidents and injuries 53 historical accident/injury rows; 0 coded fatalities and 258 lost days across the published record.
2. **COMPLIANCE — 0 since 2021:** Violations and penalties 136 violation rows across the full record; 26 carry an S&S flag and $15,017 appears in current assessed amounts.
3. **HEALTH — 206 samples:** Occupational health samples 115 coal dust; 91 noise. 0 personal-sample rows have a published C/E ratio above 1; 21 noise rows have an action-level or PEL dose above 100%. These are separate measures, not a silica exceedance count. Silica results and sample status are shown separately.
4. **PRODUCTION — 0 tons:** Quarterly production and employment 2K employee hours and 3 summed average employees across reported subunits in the latest published quarter.
5. **LEGAL — 12 linked rows:** Contests, conferences and decisions 3 contested-violation rows, 5 civil-penalty docket/decision rows, and 4 conference records linked by issuance number.
6. **CONTRACTORS — 21 linked entities:** Contractors Contractors are linked through this mine’s violation or accident records. Their production and hours cover all their operations, so they are not included in this mine’s totals.
7. **INSPECTIONS — 0 since 2021:** Inspections 57 inspection events and 2K published inspection hours across the historical record.

## EIA annual operating context

No matched record in the 2024 EIA coal-public workbook. This may be inapplicable for a non-coal operation.

## Recent Title 30 crosswalk

Snapshot current through 2026-08-19.

- **30 CFR 48.27 — Training of miners assigned to a task in which they have had no previous experience; minimum courses of instruction.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-48/subpart-B/section-48.27
- **30 CFR 77.1607 — Loading and haulage equipment; operation.** (2 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1607
- **30 CFR 77.404 — Machinery and equipment; operation and maintenance.** (5 retained recent rows) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-E/section-77.404
- **30 CFR 77.800-2 — Testing, examination, and maintenance of circuit breakers; record.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-I/section-77.800-2
- **30 CFR 77.502-2 — Electric equipment; frequency of examination and testing.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-F/section-77.502-2
- **30 CFR 77.1103 — Flammable liquids; storage.** (1 retained recent row) — https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1103

## Source coverage

- **Accident, Injuries, and Illnesses:** 53 rows; 2000-01-07 through 2011-09-16; source ID `msha-accidents`
- **Addresses of Record:** 1 rows; 2012-04-18 through 2012-04-18; source ID `msha-addresses`
- **Assessed Violations:** 134 rows; 2000-05-27 through 2011-04-20; source ID `msha-assessed-violations`
- **Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisions:** 5 rows; 2005-01-06 through 2011-07-07; source ID `msha-civil-penalty-dockets-decisions`
- **Coal Dust Samples:** 115 rows; 2000-05-27 through 2011-04-26; source ID `msha-coal-dust-samples`
- **Conferences:** 4 rows; 2003-09-03 through 2007-09-10; source ID `msha-conferences`
- **Contested Violations:** 3 rows; 2004-12-02 through 2010-09-09; source ID `msha-contested-violations`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 2,676 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-quarterly`
- **Contractor Employment and Production — Yearly:** 539 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-contractor-production-yearly`
- **Controller and Operator History:** 2 rows; 1950-01-01 through 1988-09-01; source ID `msha-controller-operator-history`
- **Inspections:** 57 rows; 2000-01-08 through 2011-12-13; source ID `msha-inspections`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly:** 147 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-quarterly`
- **Mine Employment and Production — Yearly:** 32 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mine-production-yearly`
- **Mines:** 1 rows; unknown through unknown; source ID `msha-mines`
- **Noise Samples:** 91 rows; 2000-05-25 through 2008-09-04; source ID `msha-noise-samples`
- **Violations:** 136 rows; 2000-05-27 through 2011-04-20; source ID `msha-violations`

## Caveats

- This is public-record decision support, not legal advice or an official MSHA record.
- Missing data can indicate no event, publication delay, an unresolved identity, or inapplicability.
- Contractor production data is entity-level and is not attributed to this mine.

## Alternate representations

- HTML: `/mines/sandow-mine-4100356`
- JSON: `/api/v1/mines/sandow-mine-4100356`
- Silica records, units, sample status and quarterly means: `/api/v1/mines/4100356/silica` (snapshot year by default; `?year=all` for history; `&format=csv` for all matching rows)
- Relationship JSON: `/api/v1/mines/4100356/relationships`
- MCP resource: `mine://4100356/assessment`
- Complete Title 30 corpus: `/data/title30-sections.json`