# Relationship history for MSHA mine 5001596

Current hierarchy: **Samuel A  Koppenberg → Koppenberg Mining & Manufacturing Co → Crooked Creek**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Koppenberg Mining & Manufacturing Co → Crooked Creek; 1989-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Samuel A  Koppenberg → Crooked Creek; 1989-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Samuel A  Koppenberg → Koppenberg Mining & Manufacturing Co; 1989-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history