# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4703446

Current hierarchy: **Kirk  Rucker → K & D Construction, Inc. → Viper**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Kirk  Rucker → Viper; 2001-08-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** K & D Construction, Inc. → Viper; 2006-03-27 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Kirk  Rucker → K & D Construction, Inc.; 2006-03-27 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history