# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4609431

Current hierarchy: **Bowman Coal LLC → GMAX, Inc. → Spice Creek Strip**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Dale  Christian et al → Spice Creek Strip; 2011-02-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** GMAX, Inc. → Spice Creek Strip; 2011-09-15 to 2011-09-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Vaughn E  Wilburn et al → Spice Creek Strip; 2011-09-15 to 2017-07-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Vaughn E  Wilburn et al → GMAX, Inc.; 2011-09-15 to 2011-09-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Twilight Energy, LLC → Spice Creek Strip; 2011-09-21 to 2014-06-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Dale  Christian et al → Twilight Energy, LLC; 2011-09-21 to 2014-06-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pacificorp LLC → Spice Creek Strip; 2014-06-23 to 2017-07-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Mary Ann  West → Spice Creek Strip; 2014-06-23 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Mary Ann  West → Pacificorp LLC; 2014-06-23 to 2017-07-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** GMAX, Inc. → Spice Creek Strip; 2017-07-25 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Vaughn E  Wilburn et al → GMAX, Inc.; 2017-07-25 to 2017-07-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Bowman Coal LLC → Spice Creek Strip; 2017-07-25 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Bowman Coal LLC → GMAX, Inc.; 2017-07-25 to 2011-09-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Bowman Coal LLC → GMAX, Inc.; 2017-07-25 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history