# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4609196

Current hierarchy: **Jody L  Ritchie → Duckworth Coal Inc → Piedmont Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Duckworth John David → Piedmont Mine; 2001-04-09 to 2002-01-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Charles T  Clise Jr → Piedmont Mine; 2002-01-14 to 2011-07-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Duckworth Coal Inc → Piedmont Mine; 2006-12-13 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Charles T  Clise Jr → Duckworth Coal Inc; 2006-12-13 to 2011-07-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Duckworth John David → Duckworth Coal Inc; 2006-12-13 to 2002-01-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jody L  Ritchie → Piedmont Mine; 2011-07-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jody L  Ritchie → Duckworth Coal Inc; 2011-07-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history