# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4609119

Current hierarchy: **Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → Mammoth Coal Company → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Massey Energy Company → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 1996-02-05 to 2011-05-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Kenneth D  Coe → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2004-08-06 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Marco Mining, Inc. → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2005-09-01 to 2006-08-29; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Kenneth D  Coe → Marco Mining, Inc.; 2005-09-01 to 2006-08-29; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2006-08-23 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Appalachian Premium Fuels LLC → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2006-08-30 to 2009-11-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Premium Fuels LLC; 2006-08-30 to 2009-11-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Mammoth Coal Company → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2009-11-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Massey Energy Company → Mammoth Coal Company; 2009-11-02 to 2011-05-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2011-06-01 to 2016-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Mammoth Coal Company; 2011-06-01 to 2016-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, Inc → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2016-07-26 to 2018-11-08; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, Inc → Mammoth Coal Company; 2016-07-26 to 2018-11-08; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → Upper Winifrede Deep Mine; 2018-11-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → Mammoth Coal Company; 2018-11-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history