# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4609053

Current hierarchy: **Matthew T  Mullins → M & M ENERGY LLC → M & M ENERGY LLC**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** David D  Bundy et al → M & M ENERGY LLC; 1991-08-01 to 2010-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Bundy Auger Mining Inc → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2004-07-08 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David D  Bundy et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2004-07-08 to 2010-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Robert  Williams et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2004-07-08 to 2010-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Perian  Salviola et al → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2010-07-26 to 2012-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Perian  Salviola et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2010-07-26 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David D  Bundy et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2010-07-26 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** John W  Preece → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2011-08-15 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pallas Highwall Mining LLC → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2012-01-12 to 2012-02-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Perian  Salviola et al → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2012-01-12 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Perian  Salviola et al → Pallas Highwall Mining LLC; 2012-01-12 to 2012-02-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David D  Bundy et al → Pallas Highwall Mining LLC; 2012-01-12 to 2012-02-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** West Virginia Industrial Services, Inc. → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2012-02-23 to 2014-08-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** John W  Preece → West Virginia Industrial Services, Inc.; 2012-02-23 to 2014-08-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** David D  Bundy et al → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2013-01-01 to 2016-06-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David D  Bundy et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2013-01-01 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** OHA Investment Corporation et al → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2013-01-01 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Timothy J  Gregory → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2014-04-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Second Shift Mining, Inc. → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2014-08-18 to 2017-12-18; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Timothy J  Gregory → Second Shift Mining, Inc.; 2014-08-18 to 2017-12-18; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** David D  Bundy → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2016-06-28 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David D  Bundy → Bundy Auger Mining Inc; 2016-06-28 to 2012-01-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** M & M ENERGY LLC → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2017-12-19 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Matthew T  Mullins → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2017-12-19 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Matthew T  Mullins → M & M ENERGY LLC; 2017-12-19 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history