# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4608584

Current hierarchy: **Richard H  Abraham → Rio Group Inc → Holden No 22 Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Land Investors Inc → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 1996-08-01 to 1999-09-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jack  Easter → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 1996-08-01 to 1999-09-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jack  Easter → Land Investors Inc; 1996-08-01 to 1999-09-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Rio Group Inc → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 1999-10-01 to 2001-01-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alvis  Porter → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 1999-10-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alvis  Porter → Rio Group Inc; 1999-10-01 to 2001-01-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** William B  Brown Jr et al → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 2000-10-01 to 2006-10-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Rio Group Inc → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 2001-01-08 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William B  Brown Jr et al → Rio Group Inc; 2001-01-08 to 2006-10-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Robert L  Lewis et al → Rio Group Inc; 2001-01-08 to 2006-10-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Richard H  Abraham et al → Holden No 22 Surface Mine; 2006-10-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Richard H  Abraham et al → Rio Group Inc; 2006-10-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history