# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4608564

Current hierarchy: **Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Fuels, LLC → WV-1 Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pen Holdings Inc → WV-1 Surface Mine; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pen Coal Corp → WV-1 Surface Mine; 1996-04-01 to 1999-01-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp; 1996-04-01 to 1999-01-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Tri-County Mining Inc → WV-1 Surface Mine; 1999-01-04 to 2001-10-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Chris  Frye et al → WV-1 Surface Mine; 1999-01-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Chris  Frye et al → Tri-County Mining Inc; 1999-01-04 to 2001-10-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Roger L  Kirk et al → Tri-County Mining Inc; 1999-01-04 to 2001-10-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** John C  Smith Jr → WV-1 Surface Mine; 2001-03-19 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Appalachian Fuels, LLC → WV-1 Surface Mine; 2001-10-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** John C  Smith Jr → Appalachian Fuels, LLC; 2001-10-17 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → WV-1 Surface Mine; 2006-01-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Fuels, LLC; 2006-01-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history