# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4608530

Current hierarchy: **Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → Alex Energy Inc → No 1 Winifrede (1)**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Pehem Industries Inc → No 1 Winifrede (1); 1995-09-01 to 2000-07-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** James B  Simpkins → No 1 Winifrede (1); 1995-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** James B  Simpkins → Pehem Industries Inc; 1995-09-01 to 2000-07-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Massey Energy Company → No 1 Winifrede (1); 1997-10-20 to 2011-05-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Alex Energy Inc → No 1 Winifrede (1); 2000-07-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Massey Energy Company → Alex Energy Inc; 2000-07-14 to 2011-05-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → No 1 Winifrede (1); 2011-06-01 to 2016-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Alex Energy Inc; 2011-06-01 to 2016-07-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, Inc → No 1 Winifrede (1); 2016-07-26 to 2018-11-08; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, Inc → Alex Energy Inc; 2016-07-26 to 2018-11-08; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → No 1 Winifrede (1); 2018-11-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc → Alex Energy Inc; 2018-11-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history