# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4608412

Current hierarchy: **Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp → Frank Branch No 2**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pen Holdings Inc → Frank Branch No 2; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pen Coal Corp → Frank Branch No 2; 1994-05-01 to 1997-02-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp; 1994-05-01 to 1997-02-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pitt Fair Coal Company Inc → Frank Branch No 2; 1997-02-07 to 1998-10-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Davis Tammie & Christopher → Frank Branch No 2; 1997-02-07 to 1998-10-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Davis Tammie & Christopher → Pitt Fair Coal Company Inc; 1997-02-07 to 1998-10-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pen Coal Corp → Frank Branch No 2; 1998-10-12 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp; 1998-10-12 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history