# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4607838

Current hierarchy: **Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp → Frank Branch #1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pen Holdings Inc → Frank Branch #1; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** S M K Mining & Construction Company Inc → Frank Branch #1; 1990-02-01 to 1991-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** (Donald) Todd  Kiscaden et al → Frank Branch #1; 1990-02-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** (Donald) Todd  Kiscaden et al → S M K Mining & Construction Company Inc; 1990-02-01 to 1991-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Scott  Kiscaden et al → S M K Mining & Construction Company Inc; 1990-02-01 to 1991-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Eastco Mining L P → Frank Branch #1; 1992-01-01 to 1993-08-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** James O  Bunn  et al → Frank Branch #1; 1992-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** James O  Bunn  et al → Eastco Mining L P; 1992-01-01 to 1993-08-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Franklin D  Robertson  et al → Eastco Mining L P; 1992-01-01 to 1993-08-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pen Coal Corp → Frank Branch #1; 1993-08-03 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp; 1993-08-03 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history