# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4607710

Current hierarchy: **Pen Holdings Inc → Cub Branch Mining Inc → Bull Branch Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pen Holdings Inc → Bull Branch Surface Mine; 1987-07-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Cub Branch Mining Inc → Bull Branch Surface Mine; 1989-06-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Cub Branch Mining Inc; 1989-06-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history