# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4606877

Current hierarchy: **Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Simmons Fork Mining, Inc. → Pax South Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Graybeal Carl N & Jack L Williams → Pax South Surface Mine; 1980-08-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Tamroy Mining Inc → Pax South Surface Mine; 1985-01-01 to 1988-03-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Graybeal Carl N & Jack L Williams → Tamroy Mining Inc; 1985-01-01 to 1988-03-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Michael C  Faykus → Pax South Surface Mine; 1986-02-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Prosperity Energy Inc → Pax South Surface Mine; 1988-03-21 to 1989-01-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Michael C  Faykus → Prosperity Energy Inc; 1988-03-21 to 1989-01-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pax Mining Company → Pax South Surface Mine; 1989-01-26 to 1990-10-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jack L  Williams → Pax South Surface Mine; 1989-01-26 to 1990-10-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jack L  Williams → Pax Mining Company; 1989-01-26 to 1990-10-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Costain Mining Inc → Pax South Surface Mine; 1990-10-18 to 1997-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Costain Group PLC → Pax South Surface Mine; 1990-10-18 to 1997-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Costain Group PLC → Costain Mining Inc; 1990-10-18 to 1997-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Amon L  Mahon → Pax South Surface Mine; 1994-11-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Rag Aktiengesellschaft → Pax South Surface Mine; 1996-11-01 to 2006-04-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Lodestar Energy Inc → Pax South Surface Mine; 1997-01-31 to 2001-12-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Iracoal Incorporated → Pax South Surface Mine; 1997-01-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Iracoal Incorporated → Lodestar Energy Inc; 1997-01-31 to 2001-12-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** John C  Smith Jr → Pax South Surface Mine; 2001-03-19 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Island Fork Construction, LTD → Pax South Surface Mine; 2001-12-04 to 2003-02-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Amon L  Mahon → Island Fork Construction, LTD; 2001-12-04 to 2003-02-25; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** William Ann Enterprises, Inc. → Pax South Surface Mine; 2003-02-26 to 2003-03-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** William L  Cook → Pax South Surface Mine; 2003-02-26 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William L  Cook → William Ann Enterprises, Inc.; 2003-02-26 to 2003-03-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Island Fork Construction LTD → Pax South Surface Mine; 2003-03-07 to 2003-10-26; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Amon L  Mahon → Island Fork Construction LTD; 2003-03-07 to 2003-10-26; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Appalachian Fuels LLC → Pax South Surface Mine; 2003-10-27 to 2006-08-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** John C  Smith Jr → Appalachian Fuels LLC; 2003-10-27 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Pax South Surface Mine; 2006-01-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Fuels LLC; 2006-01-17 to 2006-08-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Foundation Coal Corporation → Pax South Surface Mine; 2006-04-28 to 2009-07-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Simmons Fork Mining, Inc. → Pax South Surface Mine; 2006-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Foundation Coal Corporation → Simmons Fork Mining, Inc.; 2006-09-01 to 2009-07-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Rag Aktiengesellschaft → Simmons Fork Mining, Inc.; 2006-09-01 to 2006-04-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Pax South Surface Mine; 2009-07-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Simmons Fork Mining, Inc.; 2009-07-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history