# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4606606

Current hierarchy: **Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp → Kiah Creek Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pen Holdings Inc → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Invesco Of West Virginia Inc → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1982-11-01 to 1984-03-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Invesco International Corp → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1982-11-01 to 1984-03-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Invesco International Corp → Invesco Of West Virginia Inc; 1982-11-01 to 1984-03-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Queens Ridge Energy Inc → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1984-03-07 to 1988-02-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** W Leonard  Womble → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1984-03-07 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** W Leonard  Womble → Queens Ridge Energy Inc; 1984-03-07 to 1988-02-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pen Coal Corp → Kiah Creek Surface Mine; 1988-02-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pen Holdings Inc → Pen Coal Corp; 1988-02-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history