# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4605972

Current hierarchy: **Ronald  Combs → Hiope Mining Inc → Hiope #5**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Keene Walden → Hiope #5; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pigeon Branch Coal Company Inc → Hiope #5; 1979-02-01 to 1988-06-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Keene Walden → Pigeon Branch Coal Company Inc; 1979-02-01 to 1988-06-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ronald  Combs et al → Hiope #5; 1985-05-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pigeon Branch Coal Company Inc → Hiope #5; 1988-06-29 to 1990-08-09; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Heflin William T → Hiope #5; 1988-06-29 to 1990-08-09; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Heflin William T → Pigeon Branch Coal Company Inc; 1988-06-29 to 1990-08-09; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Ranger Fuel Coal Inc → Hiope #5; 1990-08-10 to 1994-04-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jerry K  Lester → Hiope #5; 1990-08-10 to 1994-04-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jerry K  Lester → Ranger Fuel Coal Inc; 1990-08-10 to 1994-04-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Hiope Mining Inc → Hiope #5; 1994-04-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ronald  Combs et al → Hiope Mining Inc; 1994-04-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history