# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4605892

Current hierarchy: **Massey Energy Company → Royalty Smokeless Coal Company Inc → Pepper**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Massey Energy Company → Pepper; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Trace Fork Coal Company → Pepper; 1978-12-01 to 1985-10-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Massey Energy Company → Trace Fork Coal Company; 1978-12-01 to 1985-10-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ted  Osborne  et al → Pepper; 1985-09-09 to 1990-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Sos Mining Inc → Pepper; 1985-10-22 to 1986-01-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Smith Bret → Pepper; 1985-10-22 to 1986-01-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Smith Bret → Sos Mining Inc; 1985-10-22 to 1986-01-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Soho Coal Company Inc → Pepper; 1986-01-02 to 1987-09-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ted  Osborne  et al → Soho Coal Company Inc; 1986-01-02 to 1987-09-24; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Special Mining Corp → Pepper; 1987-09-25 to 1990-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Howerton Michael J → Pepper; 1987-09-25 to 1990-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Howerton Michael J → Special Mining Corp; 1987-09-25 to 1990-01-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Royalty Smokeless Coal Company Inc → Pepper; 1990-01-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Massey Energy Company → Royalty Smokeless Coal Company Inc; 1990-01-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history