# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4604702

Current hierarchy: **American Metals & Coal International Inc → Virginia Crews Coal Company → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1)**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** H & S Coal Company → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1975-07-01 to 1977-10-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** William  Smith et al → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1975-07-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William  Smith et al → H & S Coal Company; 1975-07-01 to 1977-10-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Homer  Hopkins et al → H & S Coal Company; 1975-07-01 to 1977-10-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** H & S Coal Company → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1977-10-04 to 1984-06-15; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Mullens Gale & Ariland Steele → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1977-10-04 to 1984-06-15; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Mullens Gale & Ariland Steele → H & S Coal Company; 1977-10-04 to 1984-06-15; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Voest-Alpine International Corp → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1978-03-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Virginia Crews Coal Company → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1984-06-16 to 1990-12-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Voest-Alpine International Corp → Virginia Crews Coal Company; 1984-06-16 to 1990-12-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Virginia Crews Coal Company → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** American Metals & Coal International Inc → Virginia Crews No 14 Mine (1); 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** American Metals & Coal International Inc → Virginia Crews Coal Company; 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history