# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4604381

Current hierarchy: **Lusk Ben E → West Virginia Applied Research Institute → Julian No 1x Surface**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** West Virginia Applied Research Institute → Julian No 1x Surface; 1974-06-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Lusk Ben E → Julian No 1x Surface; 1974-06-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Lusk Ben E → West Virginia Applied Research Institute; 1974-06-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history