# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4604248

Current hierarchy: **American Metals & Coal International Inc → Virginia Crews Coal Company → No 5 Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Virginia Crews Coal Company → No 5 Mine; 1950-01-01 to 1978-03-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Massey Energy Company → No 5 Mine; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Massey Energy Company → Virginia Crews Coal Company; 1950-01-01 to 1978-03-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Virginia Crews Coal Company → No 5 Mine; 1978-03-22 to 1990-12-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Voest-Alpine International Corp → No 5 Mine; 1978-03-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Voest-Alpine International Corp → Virginia Crews Coal Company; 1978-03-22 to 1990-12-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Virginia Crews Coal Company → No 5 Mine; 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** American Metals & Coal International Inc → No 5 Mine; 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** American Metals & Coal International Inc → Virginia Crews Coal Company; 1990-12-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history