# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4603157

Current hierarchy: **Patriot Coal Corporation → Eastern Associated Coal Corporation → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Eastern Associated Coal Corp → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1950-01-01 to 1987-05-14; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Eastern Gas & Fuel Association → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Eastern Gas & Fuel Association → Eastern Associated Coal Corp; 1950-01-01 to 1987-05-14; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Hanson PLC → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1987-04-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Eastern Associated Coal Corp → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1987-05-15 to 1998-05-18; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Hanson PLC → Eastern Associated Coal Corp; 1987-05-15 to 1998-05-18; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Peabody Energy Corporation → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1998-03-26 to 2007-10-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Eastern Associated Coal Corporation → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 1998-05-19 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Peabody Energy Corporation → Eastern Associated Coal Corporation; 1998-05-19 to 2007-10-30; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Patriot Coal Corporation → Kopperston Refuse Impoundment; 2007-10-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Patriot Coal Corporation → Eastern Associated Coal Corporation; 2007-10-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history