# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4503716

Current hierarchy: **Thomas  Crane; Aaron  Crane; Pamela  Crane → Crane Sand & Gravel LLC → ZIMMER Pit**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** CCZ Inc. → ZIMMER Pit; 2013-04-30 to 2017-06-19; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Carl  Zimmer → ZIMMER Pit; 2013-04-30 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Carl  Zimmer → CCZ Inc.; 2013-04-30 to 2017-06-19; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Dukes Industries, LLC → ZIMMER Pit; 2017-06-20 to 2024-05-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jessica  Dukes et al → ZIMMER Pit; 2017-06-20 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jessica  Dukes et al → Dukes Industries, LLC; 2017-06-20 to 2024-05-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Robert  Dukes et al → Dukes Industries, LLC; 2017-06-20 to 2024-05-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** JoVanna  Dukes et al → Dukes Industries, LLC; 2017-06-20 to 2024-05-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Chase  Dukes et al → Dukes Industries, LLC; 2017-06-20 to 2024-05-23; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Crane Sand & Gravel LLC → ZIMMER Pit; 2024-05-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Thomas  Crane → ZIMMER Pit; 2024-05-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Thomas  Crane → Crane Sand & Gravel LLC; 2024-05-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Aaron  Crane → Crane Sand & Gravel LLC; 2024-05-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pamela  Crane → Crane Sand & Gravel LLC; 2024-05-24 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history