{"data":{"schemaVersion":"realm.mine-profile.v1","generatedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","identity":{"mine_id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint","status":"Temporarily Idled","status_date":"2011-12-19","mine_type":"Underground","coal_metal":"C","commodity":"Coal (Bituminous)","state":"VA","county":"Lee","nearest_town":"St. Charles, VA","operator_id":"0166593","operator_name":"Inmet Mining, LLC","controller_id":"0145041","controller_name":"Industrial Minerals Group LLC","district":"C05","office":"Norton VA Field Office","employees":0,"latitude":36.8225,"longitude":-83.095278},"coverage":{"contributingSources":13,"registeredSources":20,"sourceRows":218},"relationships":{"schemaVersion":"realm.temporal-relationships.v1","temporalSemantics":{"validTime":{"granularity":"date","bounds":"inclusive","nullStart":"start date not published in the upstream history row","nullEnd":"open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control"},"transactionTime":{"observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","meaning":"time the checksum-addressed MDRS artifacts were observed by the PostgreSQL ingestion"},"derivation":{"controllerControlsOperator":"intersection of controller and operator valid-time intervals evidenced through this mine","currentIdentity":"current controller and operator are asserted only by the MDRS Mines snapshot"}},"current":{"mine":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"operator":{"type":"operator","id":"0166593","name":"Inmet Mining, LLC"},"controller":{"type":"controller","id":"0145041","name":"Industrial Minerals Group LLC"},"source":{"datasetId":"msha-mines","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00"}},"edges":[{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C16016","name":"Progress Energy Inc"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2000-11-30","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|C16016|2000-11-30|"}},{"type":"operator_operates_mine","subject":{"type":"operator","id":"P24575","name":"Powell Mountain Coal Co Inc"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2007-08-28","validTo":"2008-03-06","current":false,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|P24575|2007-08-28|2008-03-06"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C16016","name":"Progress Energy Inc"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"P24575","name":"Powell Mountain Coal Co Inc"},"validFrom":"2007-08-28","validTo":"2008-03-06","current":false,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|P24575|2007-08-28|C16016|2000-11-30|98042"}},{"type":"operator_operates_mine","subject":{"type":"operator","id":"0089126","name":"Powell Mountain Energy, LLC"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2008-03-07","validTo":"2022-07-18","current":false,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0089126|2008-03-07|2022-07-18"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0074833","name":"Karat Acquisition LLC"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2008-03-07","validTo":"2008-05-26","current":false,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0074833|2008-03-07|2008-05-26"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0074833","name":"Karat Acquisition LLC"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0089126","name":"Powell Mountain Energy, LLC"},"validFrom":"2008-03-07","validTo":"2008-05-26","current":false,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0089126|2008-03-07|0074833|2008-03-07|11678"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0045307","name":"International Coal Group Inc (ICG)"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2008-05-27","validTo":"2011-06-14","current":false,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0045307|2008-05-27|2011-06-14"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0045307","name":"International Coal Group Inc (ICG)"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0089126","name":"Powell Mountain Energy, LLC"},"validFrom":"2008-05-27","validTo":"2011-06-14","current":false,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0089126|2008-03-07|0045307|2008-05-27|5395"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C15561","name":"Arch Resources Inc"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2011-06-15","validTo":"2017-09-13","current":false,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|C15561|2011-06-15|2017-09-13"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C15561","name":"Arch Resources Inc"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0089126","name":"Powell Mountain Energy, LLC"},"validFrom":"2011-06-15","validTo":"2017-09-13","current":false,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0089126|2008-03-07|C15561|2011-06-15|96102"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C15863","name":"Jeffery A  Hoops"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2017-09-14","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|C15863|2017-09-14|"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"C15863","name":"Jeffery A  Hoops"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0089126","name":"Powell Mountain Energy, LLC"},"validFrom":"2017-09-14","validTo":"2022-07-18","current":false,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0089126|2008-03-07|C15863|2017-09-14|97317"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0145041","name":"Industrial Minerals Group LLC"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2019-09-19","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0145041|2019-09-19|"}},{"type":"operator_operates_mine","subject":{"type":"operator","id":"0166593","name":"Inmet Mining, LLC"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"4407207","name":"Middle Splint"},"validFrom":"2022-07-19","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0166593|2022-07-19|"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0145041","name":"Industrial Minerals Group LLC"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0166593","name":"Inmet Mining, LLC"},"validFrom":"2022-07-19","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"4407207","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"4407207|0166593|2022-07-19|0145041|2019-09-19|29626"}}],"coverage":{"historyRecords":6,"edgeCount":15,"intervalAnomalies":0,"sourceDatasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history"}},"sources":[{"id":"msha-addresses","name":"Addresses of Record","domains":["identity","logistics"],"products":["entity resolution","address history","facility geocoding"],"rowCount":1,"firstDate":"2011-12-19","lastDate":"2011-12-19","metrics":{},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-assessed-violations","name":"Assessed Violations","domains":["compliance","legal"],"products":["penalty lifecycle","paid and outstanding amounts","assessment aging"],"rowCount":26,"firstDate":"2008-12-03","lastDate":"2025-11-26","metrics":{"ss":6,"delinquent":26,"recentRows":1,"paidPenalty":4775,"proposedPenalty":4222,"currentAssessment":4926},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"889934","VIOLATION_NO":"9880361","ISSUE_DT":"11/26/2025","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.1711","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"151.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"151.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Received","sourceDate":"2025-11-26"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1356584","VIOLATION_NO":"8210173","ISSUE_DT":"12/16/2014","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"77.1605(k)","SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"117.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"117.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2014-12-16"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1366093","VIOLATION_NO":"8201875","ISSUE_DT":"03/11/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"77.1110","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"263.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"263.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2013-03-11"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1366092","VIOLATION_NO":"8201874","ISSUE_DT":"03/11/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"48.31(b)","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Order","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"293.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"293.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2013-03-11"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368111","VIOLATION_NO":"8191744","ISSUE_DT":"09/19/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"72.520(a)","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368110","VIOLATION_NO":"8191743","ISSUE_DT":"09/19/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.517","SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"585.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"585.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368109","VIOLATION_NO":"8191742","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.1107-9(a)(1)","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368108","VIOLATION_NO":"8191741","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.517","SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"585.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"585.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368107","VIOLATION_NO":"8191740","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.503","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368106","VIOLATION_NO":"8191739","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.400","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368105","VIOLATION_NO":"8191738","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.333(b)(3)","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1368104","VIOLATION_NO":"8191737","ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"75.380(d)(7)(vii)(A)","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"100.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"100.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"}]},{"id":"msha-civil-penalty-dockets-decisions","name":"Civil Penalty Dockets and Decisions","domains":["compliance","legal"],"products":["docket lineage","decision outcomes","citation packet precedent"],"rowCount":5,"firstDate":"2013-06-13","lastDate":"2013-06-13","metrics":{"appeals":0,"decisions":5,"recentRows":0,"decisionPenalty":880,"originalPenalty":880},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"303784","VIOLATION_NO":"8180696","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","DECISION_TYPE_CODE_DESC":"Withdrawal","ORIGINAL_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"0.00","JUDGE_FIRST_NAME":"George","JUDGE_LAST_NAME":"Koutras","sourceDate":"2013-06-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"303783","VIOLATION_NO":"8180695","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","DECISION_TYPE_CODE_DESC":"Withdrawal","ORIGINAL_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"0.00","JUDGE_FIRST_NAME":"George","JUDGE_LAST_NAME":"Koutras","sourceDate":"2013-06-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"302657","VIOLATION_NO":"8180694","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","DECISION_TYPE_CODE_DESC":"Withdrawal","ORIGINAL_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"0.00","JUDGE_FIRST_NAME":"George","JUDGE_LAST_NAME":"Koutras","sourceDate":"2013-06-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"73493","VIOLATION_NO":"8180697","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","DECISION_TYPE_CODE_DESC":"Withdrawal","ORIGINAL_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"0.00","JUDGE_FIRST_NAME":"George","JUDGE_LAST_NAME":"Koutras","sourceDate":"2013-06-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"73397","VIOLATION_NO":"8180693","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","DECISION_TYPE_CODE_DESC":"Settlement","ORIGINAL_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"880.00","JUDGE_FIRST_NAME":"George","JUDGE_LAST_NAME":"Koutras","sourceDate":"2013-06-13"}]},{"id":"msha-coal-dust-samples","name":"Coal Dust Samples","domains":["health","safety"],"products":["respirable dust trends","CPDM coverage","void patterns","occupation exposure"],"rowCount":29,"firstDate":"2011-05-25","lastDate":"2011-10-13","metrics":{"recentRows":0,"cpdmSamples":0,"voidSamples":0,"validSamples":29,"maxConcentration":1.614,"concentrationTotal":17.216},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1390532","CASS_NUM":"51120973","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"10/13/2011","CONC":"1.219","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED AREA","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"OCCUPATION CODE NOT FOUND","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-10-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"580926","CASS_NUM":"51125667","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/21/2011","CONC":".675","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-21"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1238213","CASS_NUM":"51125609","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/20/2011","CONC":"1.371","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-20"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"720566","CASS_NUM":"51103050","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/20/2011","CONC":".784","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-20"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"827388","CASS_NUM":"51103015","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/19/2011","CONC":"1.043","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"577670","CASS_NUM":"51103070","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/19/2011","CONC":".651","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"BIMONTHLY CYCLE/TRANSITION PERIOD SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1595162","CASS_NUM":"57927142","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".05","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"NON DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (STANDARD SIDE)","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1539024","CASS_NUM":"57927167","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".329","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"NON DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"SCOOP CAR OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1438929","CASS_NUM":"57927207","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".412","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"NON DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (INTAKE SIDE)","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1100123","CASS_NUM":"57927210","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".221","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"394117","CASS_NUM":"57927182","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".005","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"INTAKE AIR","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"OCCUPATION CODE NOT FOUND","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"56653","CASS_NUM":"57927169","SMP_TAKEN_DT":"9/6/2011","CONC":".478","SMP_TYPE_CD_DESC":"NON DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","SMP_USE_CD_DESC":"NOT USED ON INSPECTOR SAMPLES; NOT FOUND ON OPERATOR SAMPLE","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","OCC_CD_DESC":"ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (RETURN SIDE)","DEVICE_TYPE_CD":"CMDPSU","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"}]},{"id":"msha-contested-violations","name":"Contested Violations","domains":["compliance","legal"],"products":["contest status","time to resolution","contested-rate context"],"rowCount":5,"firstDate":"2011-03-24","lastDate":"2011-03-24","metrics":{"decisions":5,"ssChanged":4,"recentRows":0,"decisionPenalty":880,"proposedPenalty":880},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"249557","CITATION_NO":"8180695","CITATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/24/2011","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CODE":"75.512","ORIGINAL_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":".00","sourceDate":"2011-03-24"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"192889","CITATION_NO":"8180696","CITATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/24/2011","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CODE":"75.512","ORIGINAL_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":".00","sourceDate":"2011-03-24"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"192865","CITATION_NO":"8180694","CITATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/24/2011","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CODE":"75.512","ORIGINAL_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":".00","sourceDate":"2011-03-24"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"25191","CITATION_NO":"8180697","CITATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/24/2011","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CODE":"75.512","ORIGINAL_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":".00","sourceDate":"2011-03-24"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"24347","CITATION_NO":"8180693","CITATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/24/2011","DOCKET_NO":"VA 2011-440","DECISION_DT":"06/13/2013","CFR_STANDARD_CODE":"75.512","ORIGINAL_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","DECISION_SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"176.00","DECISION_PENALTY_AMT":"880.00","sourceDate":"2011-03-24"}]},{"id":"msha-controller-operator-history","name":"Controller and Operator History","domains":["identity","compliance"],"products":["historical ownership attribution","operator transitions","valid-time joins"],"rowCount":6,"firstDate":"2007-08-28","lastDate":"2022-07-19","metrics":{"recentRows":1,"currentOperatorTenures":1,"completedOperatorTenures":5},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-inspections","name":"Inspections","domains":["safety","compliance"],"products":["inspection mix","on-site hours","event context","citation rate denominator"],"rowCount":65,"firstDate":"2007-12-13","lastDate":"2026-09-18","metrics":{"inspectors":79,"recentRows":8,"onSiteHours":238,"inspectionHours":543,"inspectionSamples":34},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"671315","EVENT_NO":"F03045C","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"09/18/2026","INSPECTION_END_DT":"09/18/2026","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"4","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"2","sourceDate":"2026-09-18"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1123766","EVENT_NO":"F03044F","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"06/25/2026","INSPECTION_END_DT":"06/25/2026","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"3.5","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"1.5","sourceDate":"2026-06-25"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"241041","EVENT_NO":"F0062A2","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"03/25/2026","INSPECTION_END_DT":"03/25/2026","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"5","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"2","sourceDate":"2026-03-25"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"138451","EVENT_NO":"4135665","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"11/26/2025","INSPECTION_END_DT":"12/05/2025","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"2","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"19.25","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"7.5","sourceDate":"2025-11-26"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"867350","EVENT_NO":"F00EDE6","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"07/31/2025","INSPECTION_END_DT":"07/31/2025","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"3","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"2","sourceDate":"2025-07-31"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"983040","EVENT_NO":"4156954","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"05/06/2025","INSPECTION_END_DT":"05/15/2025","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"2","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"12","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"1.75","sourceDate":"2025-05-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"522015","EVENT_NO":"4135515","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"01/23/2025","INSPECTION_END_DT":"01/23/2025","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"1","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":".5","sourceDate":"2025-01-23"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"392837","EVENT_NO":"4135651","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"10/29/2024","INSPECTION_END_DT":"10/29/2024","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E16","ACTIVITY":"Spot Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"4.5","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"3","sourceDate":"2024-10-29"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"94967","EVENT_NO":"4423671","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"02/10/2020","INSPECTION_END_DT":"02/10/2020","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"4","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"2.5","sourceDate":"2020-02-10"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"241870","EVENT_NO":"4423656","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"10/07/2019","INSPECTION_END_DT":"10/07/2019","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"9","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"4","sourceDate":"2019-10-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"160397","EVENT_NO":"4423804","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"09/05/2019","INSPECTION_END_DT":"09/05/2019","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"4.5","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"2","sourceDate":"2019-09-05"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"440340","EVENT_NO":"6398443","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"04/01/2019","INSPECTION_END_DT":"04/02/2019","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"4","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"0","sourceDate":"2019-04-01"}]},{"id":"msha-mine-production-quarterly","name":"Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly","domains":["production","safety","compliance"],"products":["production trend","employee hours","rate denominators","seasonality"],"rowCount":44,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{"2023-Q3":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2023-Q2":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2023-Q1":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2022-Q4":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2012-Q2":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2012-Q1":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2011-Q4":{"hours":10872,"employees":30,"production":13638},"2011-Q3":{"hours":17664,"employees":30,"production":26884},"2011-Q1":{"hours":707,"employees":7,"production":710},"2010-Q4":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2010-Q3":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0},"2010-Q2":{"hours":0,"employees":0,"production":0}},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-mine-production-yearly","name":"Mine Employment and Production — Yearly","domains":["production","safety","compliance"],"products":["annual trend","backfill","quarterly reconciliation"],"rowCount":2,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{"2011":{"hours":29243,"employees":23,"production":41232}},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-mines","name":"Mines","domains":["identity","production","logistics"],"products":["mine identity","status","commodity","location","operator and controller"],"rowCount":1,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-noise-samples","name":"Noise Samples","domains":["health","safety","equipment"],"products":["hearing exposure","machine and manufacturer patterns","occupation coverage"],"rowCount":6,"firstDate":"2011-09-14","lastDate":"2011-09-14","metrics":{"recentRows":0,"doseOver100":1,"actDoseTotal":401,"pelDoseTotal":295},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210744","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (STANDARD SIDE)","MACHINE_CD":"37","MANUFACTURER_CD":"058","ACT_DOSE_85":"52","PEL_DOSE_90":"26","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210743","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","MACHINE_CD":"06","MANUFACTURER_CD":"058","ACT_DOSE_85":"94","PEL_DOSE_90":"84","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210742","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (RETURN SIDE)","MACHINE_CD":"30","MANUFACTURER_CD":"039","ACT_DOSE_85":"125","PEL_DOSE_90":"92","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210741","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (INTAKE SIDE)","MACHINE_CD":"30","MANUFACTURER_CD":"039","ACT_DOSE_85":"66","PEL_DOSE_90":"66","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210740","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"ELECTRICIAN","MACHINE_CD":"40","MANUFACTURER_CD":"119","ACT_DOSE_85":"36","PEL_DOSE_90":"18","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"210739","EVENT_NO":"4411054","SURVEY_DATE":"09/14/2011","OCCUPATION_CD_DESC":"SCOOP CAR OPERATOR","MACHINE_CD":"38","MANUFACTURER_CD":"098","ACT_DOSE_85":"28","PEL_DOSE_90":"9","SURVEY_TYPE":"I","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"}]},{"id":"msha-quartz-samples","name":"Quartz Samples — Coal","domains":["health","safety"],"products":["quartz exposure trends","occupation context","applicable-rule linkage"],"rowCount":2,"firstDate":"2011-05-25","lastDate":"2011-09-06","metrics":{"recentRows":0,"voidSamples":0,"maxQuartzPct":15.3,"validSamples":2,"quartzPctTotal":22.1},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"50090","CASSETTE_NO":"57927207","SAMPLE_DT":"09/06/2011","QUARTZ_PCT":"15.3","OCC_CODE_DESC":"OCCUPATION CODE NOT FOUND","SAMPLE_TYPE_DESC":"DESIGNATED AREA","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","sourceDate":"2011-09-06"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"32537","CASSETTE_NO":"57925497","SAMPLE_DT":"05/25/2011","QUARTZ_PCT":"06.8","OCC_CODE_DESC":"CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR","SAMPLE_TYPE_DESC":"DESIGNATED OCCUPATION","VOID_CD_DESC":"SAMPLE NOT VOIDED","sourceDate":"2011-05-25"}]},{"id":"msha-violations","name":"Violations","domains":["compliance","safety","legal"],"products":["citation and order record","condition text","Title 30 linkage","abatement patterns"],"rowCount":26,"firstDate":"2008-12-03","lastDate":"2025-11-26","metrics":{"ss":6,"amountDue":4926,"contested":0,"amountPaid":4775,"recentRows":1,"section104d":0,"unterminated":0,"proposedPenalty":4222},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429395","VIOLATION_NO":"9880361","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/26/2025","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.1711","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"Fatal","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"LowNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"12/02/2025","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"151","AMOUNT_DUE":"151","AMOUNT_PAID":"0","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2025-11-26"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429397","VIOLATION_NO":"8210173","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"12/16/2014","SIG_SUB":"Y","PART_SECTION":"77.1605(k)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Reasonably","INJ_ILLNESS":"Permanent","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"LowNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"12/16/2014","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"117","AMOUNT_DUE":"117","AMOUNT_PAID":"117","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2014-12-16"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429373","VIOLATION_NO":"8201875","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/11/2013","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"77.1110","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"03/11/2013","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"263","AMOUNT_DUE":"263","AMOUNT_PAID":"263","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2013-03-11"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429372","VIOLATION_NO":"8201874","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"03/11/2013","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"48.31(b)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Order","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"03/11/2013","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"293","AMOUNT_DUE":"293","AMOUNT_PAID":"293","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2013-03-11"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429394","VIOLATION_NO":"8191744","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/19/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"72.520(a)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"NoLostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/28/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429393","VIOLATION_NO":"8191743","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/19/2011","SIG_SUB":"Y","PART_SECTION":"75.517","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Reasonably","INJ_ILLNESS":"Fatal","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/19/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"585","AMOUNT_DUE":"585","AMOUNT_PAID":"585","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-19"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429392","VIOLATION_NO":"8191742","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.1107-9(a)(1)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/15/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429391","VIOLATION_NO":"8191741","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"Y","PART_SECTION":"75.517","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Reasonably","INJ_ILLNESS":"Fatal","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/14/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"585","AMOUNT_DUE":"585","AMOUNT_PAID":"585","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429390","VIOLATION_NO":"8191740","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.503","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/14/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429389","VIOLATION_NO":"8191739","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.400","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/14/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429388","VIOLATION_NO":"8191738","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.333(b)(3)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/14/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2429387","VIOLATION_NO":"8191737","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"09/14/2011","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"75.380(d)(7)(vii)(A)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"7","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"09/14/2011","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"100","AMOUNT_DUE":"100","AMOUNT_PAID":"100","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2011-09-14"}]}],"safety":{"href":"/api/v1/mines/4407207/safety","description":"Full-period safety series, top CFR sections and paginated activity. Requires PostgreSQL."},"silica":{"href":"/api/v1/mines/4407207/silica","description":"Dedicated silica records, measurements, sample status and trends. Defaults to the snapshot year; use year=all for history."},"externalContext":{"eia":null,"title30":{"snapshot":{"chapterCount":6,"featuredSectionCount":100,"latestAmendedOn":"2026-08-14","latestIssueDate":"2026-08-14","partCount":206,"sectionCount":5954,"upToDateAsOf":"2026-08-19"},"regulations":[{"chapter":"I","heading":"Sealing of mines.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-R/section-75.1711","part":"75","subchapter":"O","subpart":"R","id":"75.1711","citation":"30 CFR 75.1711","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1605","heading":"Loading and haulage equipment; installations.","id":"77.1605","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1605","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"Q","subpartHeading":"Subpart Q—Loading and Haulage","text":"(a) Cab windows shall be of safety glass or equivalent, in good condition and shall be kept clean.\n\n(b) Mobile equipment shall be equipped with adequate brakes, and all trucks and front-end loaders shall also be equipped with parking brakes.\n\n(c) Positive-action type brakes shall be provided on aerial tramways.\n\n(d) Mobile equipment shall be provided with audible warning devices. Lights shall be provided on both ends when required.\n\n(e) Guard nets or other suitable protection shall be provided where tramways pass over roadways, walkways, or buildings.\n\n(f) Guards shall be installed to prevent swaying buckets from hitting towers.\n\n(g) Aerial tramway cable connections shall be designed to offer minimum obstruction to the passage of wheels.\n\n(h) Rocker-bottom or bottom-dump cars shall be equipped with positive locking devices, or other suitable devices.\n\n(i) Ramps and dumps shall be of solid construction, of ample width, have ample clearance and headroom, and be kept reasonably free of spillage.\n\n(j) Chute-loading installations shall be designed so that the men pulling chutes are not required to be in a hazardous position during loading operations.\n\n(k) Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of elevated roadways.\n\n(l) Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping locations.\n\n(m) Roadbeds, rails, joints, switches, frogs, and other elements on railroads shall be designed, installed, and maintained in a safe manner consistent with the speed and type of haulage.\n\n(n) Where practicable, a minimum of 30 inches continuous clearance from the farthest projection of moving railroad equipment shall be provided on at least one side of the tracks; all places where it is not possible to provide 30-inch clearance shall be marked conspicuously.\n\n(o) Track guardrails, lead rails, and frogs shall be protected or blocked so as to prevent a person's foot from becoming wedged.\n\n(p) Positive-acting stop-blocks, derail devices, track skates, or other adequate means shall be installed wherever necessary to protect persons from runaway or moving railroad equipment.\n\n(q) Switch throws shall be installed so as to provide adequate clearance for switchmen.\n\n(r) Where necessary, bumper blocks or the equivalent shall be provided at all track dead ends.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1110","heading":"Examination and maintenance of firefighting equipment.","id":"77.1110","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1110","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"L","subpartHeading":"Subpart L—Fire Protection","text":"Firefighting equipment shall be continuously maintained in a usable and operative condition. Fire extinguishers shall be examined at least once every 6 months and the date of such examination shall be recorded on a permanent tag attached to the extinguisher.\n\n(Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.))\n\n[36 FR 9364, May 22, 1971, as amended at 60 FR 33723, June 29, 1995]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Hazard training.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-48/subpart-B/section-48.31","part":"48","subchapter":"H","subpart":"B","id":"48.31","citation":"30 CFR 48.31","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER H—EDUCATION AND TRAINING","partHeading":"PART 48—TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF MINERS","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Diesel equipment inventory.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-72/subpart-D/section-72.520","part":"72","subchapter":"O","subpart":"D","id":"72.520","citation":"30 CFR 72.520","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 72—HEALTH STANDARDS FOR COAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.517","heading":"Power wires and cables; insulation and protection.","id":"75.517","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-F/section-75.517","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"F","subpartHeading":"Subpart F—Electrical Equipment—General","text":"[Statutory Provisions]\n\nPower wires and cables, except trolley wires, trolley feeder wires, and bare signal wires, shall be insulated adequately and fully protected.","occurrenceCount":2},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.1107-9","heading":"Dry chemical devices; capacity; minimum requirements.","id":"75.1107-9","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-L/section-75.1107-9","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"L","subpartHeading":"Subpart L—Fire Protection","text":"(a) Dry chemical fire extinguishing systems used on underground equipment shall be of the multipurpose powder-type and shall include the following:\n\n(1) The system including all hose and nozzles shall be protected against the entrance of moisture, dust, or dirt;\n\n(2) The system shall be guarded against damage during operation of the equipment protected;\n\n(3) Hose and pipe shall be as short as possible; the distance between the chemical container and furthest nozzle shall not exceed 50 feet;\n\n(4) Hose, piping, and fittings between the actuator and the chemical container shall have a bursting pressure of 500 pounds per square inch (gage) or higher; the hose, piping, and fittings between the chemical container and the nozzles shall have a bursting pressure of 300 pounds per square inch (gage) or higher and\n\n(5) The system shall discharge in 1 minute or less, for quantities less than 50 pounds (nominal) 1 and in less than 2 minutes for quantities more than 50 pounds;\n\n1 Many dry chemical systems were originally designed for sodium bicarbonate before all-purpose chemical (ammonium phosphate) was shown to be more effective. Sodium bicarbonate is denser than ammonium phosphate; hence, for example, a 50-pound system designed for the sodium bicarbonate will hold slightly more by weight than all-purpose dry chemical (ammonium phosphate) by weight. The word “nominal” is used in § 75.1107-9 to express the approximate weight in pounds of all-purpose dry chemical.\n\n(b) On unattended underground equipment, the number of pounds of dry chemical employed by the system shall be not less than 1 pound per square foot of top surface area of the equipment; however, the minimum amount in any system shall be 20 pounds (nominal). The discharge shall be directed into and on potentially hazardous locations of the equipment.\n\n(c) On attended underground equipment, the number of pounds (nominal) employed by the system shall equal 5 times the total number of hazardous locations; however, the minimum amount in any system shall not be less than the following, except that systems on haulage vehicles installed prior to the effective date of this section may contain 20 pounds (nominal).\n\nType of equipment Dry chemical pounds (nominal) (1) Cutting machines 40 (2) Continuous miners 40 (3) Haulage vehicles 30 (4) All other attended equipment 20\n\n(d) The amount of dry chemical discharged into the cable reel compartments of attended underground equipment shall be approximately 25 percent of the total amount required to be discharged by the system; however, the quantity discharged into cable reel compartments need not exceed 10 pounds.\n\n[37 FR 15302, July 29, 1972]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.503","heading":"Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.","id":"75.503","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-F/section-75.503","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"F","subpartHeading":"Subpart F—Electrical Equipment—General","text":"[Statutory Provisions]\n\nThe operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75.500, 75.501, 75.504 to be permissible which is taken into or used inby the last open crosscut of any such mine.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.400","heading":"Accumulation of combustible materials.","id":"75.400","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-E/section-75.400","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"E","subpartHeading":"Subpart E—Combustible Materials and Rock Dusting","text":"Coal dust, including float coal dust deposited on rock-dusted surfaces, loose coal, and other combustible materials, shall be cleaned up and not be permitted to accumulate in active workings, or on diesel-powered and electric equipment therein.\n\n[61 FR 55527, Oct. 25, 1996]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.333","heading":"Ventilation controls.","id":"75.333","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-D/section-75.333","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"D","subpartHeading":"Subpart D—Ventilation","text":"(a) For purposes of this section, “doors” include any door frames.\n\n(b) Permanent stoppings or other permanent ventilation control devices constructed after November 15, 1992, shall be built and maintained—\n\n(1) Between intake and return air courses, except temporary controls may be used in rooms that are 600 feet or less from the centerline of the entry from which the room was developed including where continuous face haulage systems are used in such rooms. Unless otherwise approved in the ventilation plan, these stoppings or controls shall be maintained to and including the third connecting crosscut outby the working face;\n\n(2) To separate belt conveyor haulageways from return air courses, except where belt entries in areas of mines developed before March 30, 1970, are used as return air courses;\n\n(3) To separate belt conveyor haulageways from intake air courses when the air in the intake air courses is used to provide air to active working places. Temporary ventilation controls may be used in rooms that are 600 feet or less from the centerline of the entry from which the rooms were developed including where continuous face haulage systems are used in such rooms. When continuous face haulage systems are used, permanent stoppings or other permanent ventilation control devices shall be built and maintained to the outby most point of travel of the dolly or 600 feet from the point of deepest penetration in the conveyor belt entry, whichever distance is closer to the point of deepest penetration, to separate the continuous haulage entry from the intake entries;\n\n(4) To separate the primary escapeway from belt and trolley haulage entries, as required by § 75.380(g). For the purposes of § 75.380(g), the loading point for a continuous haulage system shall be the outby most point of travel of the dolly or 600 feet from the point of deepest penetration, whichever distance is less; and\n\n(5) In return air courses to direct air into adjacent worked-out areas.\n\n(c) Personnel doors shall be constructed of noncombustible material and shall be of sufficient strength to serve their intended purpose of maintaining separation and permitting travel between air courses, and shall be installed as follows in permanent stoppings constructed after November 15, 1992:\n\n(1) The distance between personnel doors shall be no more than 300 feet in seam heights below 48 inches and 600 feet in seam heights 48 inches or higher.\n\n(2) The location of all personnel doors in stoppings along escapeways shall be clearly marked so that the doors may be easily identified by anyone traveling in the escapeway and in the entries on either side of the doors.\n\n(3) When not in use, personnel doors shall be closed.\n\n(4) An airlock shall be established where the air pressure differential between air courses creates a static force exceeding 125 pounds on closed personnel doors along escapeways.\n\n(d) Doors, other than personnel doors, constructed after November 15, 1992, that are used in lieu of permanent stoppings or to control ventilation within an air course shall be:\n\n(1) Made of noncombustible material or coated on all accessible surfaces with flame-retardant materials having a flame-spread index of 25 or less, as tested under ASTM E162-87, “Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source.” This publication is incorporated by reference and may be inspected at any MSHA Coal Mine Safety and Health District Office, or at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210; 202-693-9440; and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. In addition, copies of the document can be purchased from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; 610-832-9500; http://www.astm.org. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.\n\n(2) Of sufficient strength to serve their intended purpose of maintaining separation and permitting travel between or within air courses or entries.\n\n(3) Installed in pairs to form an airlock. When an airlock is used, one side of the airlock shall remain closed. When not in use, both sides shall be closed.\n\n(e)(1)(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (e)(2), (3), and (4) of this section, all overcasts, undercasts, shaft partitions, permanent stoppings, and regulators, installed after June 10, 1996, shall be constructed in a traditionally accepted method and of materials that have been demonstrated to perform adequately or in a method and of materials that have been tested and shown to have a minimum strength equal to or greater than the traditionally accepted in-mine controls. Tests may be performed under ASTM E72-80, “Standard Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction” (Section 12-Transverse Load-Specimen Vertical, load, only), or the operator may conduct comparative in-mine tests. In-mine tests shall be designed to demonstrate the comparative strength of the proposed construction and a traditionally accepted in-mine control. The publication ASTM E72-80, “Standard Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction,” is incorporated by reference and may be inspected at any MSHA Coal Mine Safety and Health District Office, or at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210; 202-693-9440; and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. In addition, copies of the document can be purchased from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; 610-832-9500; http://www.astm.org. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.\n\n(ii) All overcasts, undercasts, shaft partitions, permanent stoppings, and regulators, installed after November 15, 1992, shall be constructed of noncombustible material. Materials that are suitable for the construction of overcasts, undercasts, shaft partitions, permanent stoppings, and regulators include concrete, concrete block, brick, cinder block, tile, or steel. No ventilation controls installed after November 15, 1992, shall be constructed of aluminum.\n\n(2) In anthracite mines, permanent stoppings may be constructed of overlapping layers of hardwood mine boards, if the stoppings are a minimum 2 inches thick.\n\n(3) When timbers are used to create permanent stoppings in heaving or caving areas, the stoppings shall be coated on all accessible surfaces with a flame-retardant material having a flame-spread index of 25 or less, as tested under ASTM E162-87, “Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source.” This publication is incorporated by reference and may be inspected at any MSHA Coal Mine Safety and Health District Office, or at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210; 202-693-9440; and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. In addition, copies of the document can be purchased from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; 610-832-9500; http://www.astm.org. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.\n\n(4) In anthracite mines, doors and regulators may be constructed of overlapping layers of hardwood boards, if the doors, door frames, and regulators are a minimum 2 inches thick.\n\n(f) When sealants are applied to ventilation controls, the sealant shall have a flame-spread index of 25 or less under ASTM E162-87, “Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source.” This publication is incorporated by reference and may be inspected at any MSHA Coal Mine Safety and Health District Office, or at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210; 202-693-9440; and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. In addition, copies of the document can be purchased from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; 610-832-9500; http://www.astm.org. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.\n\n(g) Before mining is discontinued in an entry or room that is advanced more than 20 feet from the inby rib, a crosscut shall be made or line brattice shall be installed and maintained to provide adequate ventilation. When conditions such as methane liberation warrant a distance less than 20 feet, the approved ventilation plan shall specify the location of such rooms or entries and the maximum distance they will be developed before a crosscut is made or line brattice is installed.\n\n(h) All ventilation controls, including seals, shall be maintained to serve the purpose for which they were built.\n\n[61 FR 9829, Mar. 11, 1996; 61 FR 20877, May 8, 1996; 61 FR 26442, May 28, 1996; 61 FR 29288, 29289, June 10, 1996, as amended at 67 FR 38386, June 4, 2002; 71 FR 16668, Apr. 3, 2006; 73 FR 80612, Dec. 31, 2008; 80 FR 52991, Sept. 2, 2015; 91 FR 9448, Feb. 26, 2026]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 75.380","heading":"Escapeways; bituminous and lignite mines.","id":"75.380","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75/subpart-D/section-75.380","part":"75","partHeading":"PART 75—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"D","subpartHeading":"Subpart D—Ventilation","text":"(a) Except in situations addressed in § 75.381, § 75.385 and § 75.386, at least two separate and distinct travelable passageways shall be designated as escapeways and shall meet the requirements of this section.\n\n(b) (1) Escapeways shall be provided from each working section, and each area where mechanized mining equipment is being installed or removed, continuous to the surface escape drift opening or continuous to the escape shaft or slope facilities to the surface.\n\n(2) During equipment installation, these escapeways shall begin at the projected location for the section loading point. During equipment removal, they shall begin at the location of the last loading point.\n\n(c) The two separate and distinct escapeways required by this section shall not end at a common shaft, slope, or drift opening, except that multiple compartment shafts or slopes separated by walls constructed of noncombustible material may be used as separate and distinct passageways.\n\n(d) Each escapeway shall be—\n\n(1) Maintained in a safe condition to always assure passage of anyone, including disabled persons;\n\n(2) Clearly marked to show the route and direction of travel to the surface;\n\n(3) Maintained to at least a height of 5 feet from the mine floor to the mine roof, excluding the thickness of any roof support, except that the escapeways shall be maintained to at least the height of the coalbed, excluding the thickness of any roof support, where the coalbed is less than 5 feet. In areas of mines where escapeways pass through doors, the height may be less than 5 feet, provided that sufficient height is maintained to enable miners, including disabled persons, to escape quickly in an emergency. In areas of mines developed before November 16, 1992, where escapeways pass over or under overcasts or undercasts, the height may be less than 5 feet provided that sufficient height is maintained to enable miners, including disabled persons, to escape quickly in an emergency. When there is a need to determine whether sufficient height is provided, MSHA may require a stretcher test where 4 persons carry a miner through the area in question on a stretcher;\n\n(4) Maintained at least 6 feet wide except—\n\n(i) Where necessary supplemental roof support is installed, the escapeway shall not be less than 4 feet wide; or\n\n(ii) Where the route of travel passes through doors or other permanent ventilation controls, the escapeway shall be at least 4 feet wide to enable miners to escape quickly in an emergency, or\n\n(iii) Where the alternate escapeway passes through doors or other permanent ventilation controls or where supplemental roof support is required and sufficient width is maintained to enable miners, including disabled persons, to escape quickly in an emergency. When there is a need to determine whether sufficient width is provided, MSHA may require a stretcher test where 4 persons carry a miner through the area in question on a stretcher, or\n\n(iv) Where mobile equipment near working sections, and other equipment essential to the ongoing operation of longwall sections, is necessary during normal mining operations, such as material cars containing rock dust or roof control supplies, or is to be used for the evacuation of miners off the section in the event of an emergency. In any instance, escapeways shall be of sufficient width to enable miners, including disabled persons, to escape quickly in an emergency. When there is a need to determine whether sufficient width is provided, MSHA may require a stretcher test where 4 persons carry a miner through the area in question on a stretcher;\n\n(5) Located to follow the most direct, safe and practical route to the nearest mine opening suitable for the safe evacuation of miners; and\n\n(6) Provided with ladders, stairways, ramps, or similar facilities where the escapeways cross over obstructions.\n\n(7) Provided with a continuous, durable directional lifeline or equivalent device that shall be—\n\n(i) Installed and maintained throughout the entire length of each escapeway as defined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section;\n\n(ii) Flame-resistant in accordance with the requirements of part 18 of this chapter upon replacement of existing lifelines; but in no case later than June 15, 2009;\n\n(iii) Marked with a reflective material every 25 feet;\n\n(iv) Located in such a manner for miners to use effectively to escape;\n\n(v) Equipped with one directional indicator cone securely attached to the lifeline, signifying the route of escape, placed at intervals not exceeding 100 feet. Cones shall be installed so that the tapered section points inby;\n\n(vi) Equipped with one sphere securely attached to the lifeline at each intersection where personnel doors are installed in adjacent crosscuts;\n\n(vii) Equipped with two securely attached cones, installed consecutively with the tapered section pointing inby, to signify an attached branch line is immediately ahead.\n\n(A) A branch line leading from the lifeline to an SCSR cache will be marked with four cones with the base sections in contact to form two diamond shapes. The cones must be placed within reach of the lifeline.\n\n(B) A branch line leading from the lifeline to a refuge alternative will be marked with a rigid spiraled coil at least eight inches in length. The spiraled coil must be placed within reach of the lifeline (see Illustration 1 below).\n\n(e) Surface openings shall be adequately protected to prevent surface fires, fumes, smoke, and flood water from entering the mine.\n\n(f) Primary escapeway. (1) One escapeway that is ventilated with intake air shall be designated as the primary escapeway. The primary escapeway shall have a higher ventilation pressure than the belt entry unless the mine operator submits an alternative in the mine ventilation plan to protect the integrity of the primary escapeway, based on mine specific conditions, which is approved by the district manager.\n\n(2) Paragraphs (f)(3) through (f)(7) of this section apply as follows:\n\n(i) To all areas of a primary escapeway developed on or after November 16, 1992;\n\n(ii) Effective as of June 10, 1997, to all areas of a primary escapeway developed between March 30, 1970 and November 16, 1992; and\n\n(iii) Effective as of June 10, 1997, to all areas of the primary escapeway developed prior to March 30, 1970 where separation of the belt and trolley haulage entries from the primary escapeway existed prior to November 16, 1992.\n\n(3) The following equipment is not permitted in the primary escapeway:\n\n(i) Mobile equipment hauling coal except for hauling coal incidental to cleanup or maintenance of the primary escapeway.\n\n(ii) Compressors, except—\n\n(A) Compressors necessary to maintain the escapeway in safe, travelable condition;\n\n(B) Compressors that are components of equipment such as locomotives and rock dusting machines; and\n\n(C) Compressors of less than five horsepower.\n\n(iii) Underground transformer stations, battery charging stations, substations, and rectifiers except—\n\n(A) Where necessary to maintain the escapeway in safe, travelable condition; and\n\n(B) Battery charging stations and rectifiers and power centers with transformers that are either dry-type or contain nonflammable liquid, provided they are located on or near a working section and are moved as the section advances or retreats.\n\n(iv) Water pumps, except—\n\n(A) Water pumps necessary to maintain the escapeway in safe, travelable condition;\n\n(B) Submersible pumps;\n\n(C) Permissible pumps and associated permissible switchgear;\n\n(D) Pumps located on or near a working section that are moved as the section advances or retreats;\n\n(E) Pumps installed in anthracite mines; and\n\n(F) Small portable pumps.\n\n(4) Mobile equipment operated in the primary escapeway, except for continuous miners and as provided in paragraphs (f)(5), (f)(6), and (f)(7) of this section, shall be equipped with a fire suppression system installed according to §§ 75.1107-3 through 75.1107-16 that is—\n\n(i) Manually operated and attended continuously by a person trained in the systems function and use, or\n\n(ii) A multipurpose dry chemical type capable of both automatic and manual activation.\n\n(5) Personnel carriers and small mobile equipment designed and used only for carrying people and small hand tools may be operated in primary escapeways if—\n\n(i) The equipment is provided with a multipurpose dry chemical type fire suppression system capable of both automatic and manual activation, and the suppression system is suitable for the intended application and is listed or approved by a nationally recognized independent testing laboratory, or,\n\n(ii) Battery powered and provided with two 10 pound multipurpose dry chemical portable fire extinguishers.\n\n(6) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (f)(3)(i), mobile equipment not provided with a fire suppression system may operate in the primary escapeway if no one is inby except those persons directly engaged in using or moving the equipment.\n\n(7) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (f)(3)(i), mobile equipment designated and used only as emergency vehicles or ambulances, may be operated in the primary escapeway without fire suppression systems.\n\n(g) Except where separation of belt and trolley haulage entries from designated escapeways did not exist before November 15, 1992, and except as provided in § 75.350(c), the primary escapeway must be separated from belt and trolley haulage entries for its entire length, to and including the first connecting crosscut outby each loading point except when a greater or lesser distance for this separation is specified and approved in the mine ventilation plan and does not pose a hazard to miners.\n\n(h) Alternate escapeway. One escapeway shall be designated as the alternate escapeway. The alternate escapeway shall be separated from the primary escapeway for its entire length, except that the alternate and primary escapeways may be ventilated from a common intake air shaft or slope opening.\n\n(i) Mechanical escape facilities shall be provided and maintained for—\n\n(1) Each shaft that is part of a designated escapeway and is greater than 50 feet in depth; and\n\n(2) Each slope from the coal seam to the surface that is part of a designated escapeway and is inclined more than 9 degrees from the horizontal.\n\n(j) Within 30 minutes after mine personnel on the surface have been notified of an emergency requiring evacuation, mechanical escape facilities provided under paragraph (i) of this section shall be operational at the bottom of shaft and slope openings that are part of escapeways.\n\n(k) Except where automatically activated hoisting equipment is used, the bottom of each shaft or slope opening that is part of a designated escapeway shall be equipped with a means of signaling a surface location where a person is always on duty when anyone is underground. When the signal is activated or the evacuation of persons underground is necessary, the person shall assure that mechanical escape facilities are operational as required by paragraph (j) of this section.\n\n(l)(1) Stairways or mechanical escape facilities shall be installed in shafts that are part of the designated escapeways and that are 50 feet or less in depth, except ladders may be used in shafts that are part of the designated escapeways and that are 5 feet or less in depth.\n\n(2) Stairways shall be constructed of concrete or metal, set on an angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the horizontal, and equipped on the open side with handrails. In addition, landing platforms that are at least 2 feet by 4 feet shall be installed at intervals not to exceed 20 vertical feet on the stairways and equipped on the open side with handrails.\n\n(3) Ladders shall be constructed of metal, anchored securely, and set on an angle not to exceed 60 degrees from the horizontal.\n\n(m) A travelway designed to prevent slippage shall be provided in slope and drift openings that are part of designated escapeways, unless mechanical escape facilities are installed.\n\n[61 FR 9829, Mar. 11, 1996; 61 FR 20877, May 8, 1996, as amended at 61 FR 55527, Oct. 25, 1996; 69 FR 17530, Apr. 2, 2004; 71 FR 12269, Mar. 9, 2006; 71 FR 71452, Dec. 8, 2006; 73 FR 80613, Dec. 31, 2008]","occurrenceCount":1}],"fullCorpus":"/data/title30-sections.json"}}},"meta":{"representation":"json","mineId":"4407207","dataSource":"postgres","snapshotId":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","completedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","sourceCount":20,"totalRows":17906804}}