# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4407167

Current hierarchy: **James Wayne  Estep → Estep Coal Co Inc → LMM**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** James Wayne  Estep → LMM; 1981-07-15 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → LMM; 2002-12-13 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Paramont Coal Company Virginia LLC → LMM; 2006-04-20 to 2007-04-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. → Paramont Coal Company Virginia LLC; 2006-04-20 to 2007-04-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Estep Coal Co Inc → LMM; 2007-04-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** James Wayne  Estep → Estep Coal Co Inc; 2007-04-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history