# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4405746

Current hierarchy: **Ronald  Combs → Hiope Mining Inc → #2**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Nichols Coal Company Inc → #2; 1981-09-01 to 1991-02-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Nichols T H → #2; 1981-09-01 to 1991-02-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Nichols T H → Nichols Coal Company Inc; 1981-09-01 to 1991-02-11; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ronald  Combs et al → #2; 1985-05-31 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Hiope Mining Inc → #2; 1991-02-12 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ronald  Combs et al → Hiope Mining Inc; 1991-02-12 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history