# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4405708

Current hierarchy: **Nowicki J J → Ex-Im Energy Corp → Surface Mine #1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Bobby Owens Coal Company → Surface Mine #1; 1981-08-01 to 1983-08-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Owens Bobby → Surface Mine #1; 1981-08-01 to 1983-08-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Owens Bobby → Bobby Owens Coal Company; 1981-08-01 to 1983-08-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Ex-Im Energy Corp → Surface Mine #1; 1983-08-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Nowicki J J → Surface Mine #1; 1983-08-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Nowicki J J → Ex-Im Energy Corp; 1983-08-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history