# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4405423

Current hierarchy: **Charles Warren → D D & M Mining Inc → Mine No 2**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-18T09:31:49.615908+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** D D & M Mining Inc → Mine No 2; 1980-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Charles Warren → Mine No 2; 1980-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Charles Warren → D D & M Mining Inc; 1980-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history