# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4104407

Current hierarchy: **Michael D  Arnold → Arnold Stone Inc → Arnold Stone Inc**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Arnold Stone Inc → Arnold Stone Inc; 2003-03-06 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Michael D  Arnold → Arnold Stone Inc; 2003-03-06 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Michael D  Arnold → Arnold Stone Inc; 2003-03-06 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history