# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4103977

Current hierarchy: **Ronnie J  Fleming → Old Pal Corp → OLD PAL SAND PIT**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Old Pal Corp → OLD PAL SAND PIT; 1997-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ronnie J  Fleming → OLD PAL SAND PIT; 1997-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ronnie J  Fleming → Old Pal Corp; 1997-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history