# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4103971

Current hierarchy: **Jose J Espinoza; Usman  Azam → Texas Limestone LLC → Texas Limestone LLC**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Texas Limestone Inc → Texas Limestone LLC; 1997-12-01 to 2000-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Richard  Culp  et al → Texas Limestone LLC; 1997-12-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Richard  Culp  et al → Texas Limestone Inc; 1997-12-01 to 2000-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Culp & Son LP → Texas Limestone LLC; 2001-01-01 to 2018-10-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Richard  Culp  et al → Texas Limestone LLC; 2001-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Richard  Culp  et al → Culp & Son LP; 2001-01-01 to 2018-10-03; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Texas Limestone LLC → Texas Limestone LLC; 2018-10-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Usman  Azam et al → Texas Limestone LLC; 2018-10-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Usman  Azam et al → Texas Limestone LLC; 2018-10-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jose J Espinoza et al → Texas Limestone LLC; 2018-10-04 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history