# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4103893

Current hierarchy: **James B  Pace Jr → Genoa Industries Inc → GENOA INDUSTRIES INC**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** James B  Pace Jr → GENOA INDUSTRIES INC; 1995-05-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Genoa Industries Inc → GENOA INDUSTRIES INC; 1996-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** James B  Pace Jr → Genoa Industries Inc; 1996-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history