# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4103760

Current hierarchy: **Quikrete Holdings Inc. → The Quikrete Companies → Sand Express**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Oglebay Norton Company → Sand Express; 1950-01-01 to 2008-02-12; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Jebco Abrasives Inc → Sand Express; 1993-04-01 to 2000-06-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** John  Barten → Sand Express; 1993-04-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** John  Barten → Jebco Abrasives Inc; 1993-04-01 to 2000-06-06; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Quikrete Holdings Inc. → Sand Express; 1998-09-11 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc → Sand Express; 2000-06-07 to 2002-03-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Oglebay Norton Company → Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc; 2000-06-07 to 2002-03-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Sand Express LP → Sand Express; 2002-03-11 to 2009-11-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Todd  Barten Et Al → Sand Express; 2002-03-11 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Todd  Barten Et Al → Sand Express LP; 2002-03-11 to 2009-11-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Carmeuse Holding SA → Sand Express; 2008-02-13 to 2012-04-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Carmeuse Holding SA → Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc; 2008-02-13 to 2002-03-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** The Quikrete Companies → Sand Express; 2009-11-11 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Quikrete Holdings Inc. → The Quikrete Companies; 2009-11-11 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Pioneer Natural Resources USA Incorporated → Sand Express; 2012-04-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pioneer Natural Resources USA Incorporated → Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc; 2012-04-02 to 2002-03-10; source msha-controller-operator-history