# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4102928

Current hierarchy: **Donaldson Kyle → Sand Pit → SAND PIT**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Ray Freedman Sand Inc → SAND PIT; 1979-01-01 to 1985-09-05; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Freedman Ray → SAND PIT; 1979-01-01 to 1985-09-05; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Freedman Ray → Ray Freedman Sand Inc; 1979-01-01 to 1985-09-05; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Donaldson Sand & Gravel → SAND PIT; 1985-09-06 to 1997-09-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Donaldson Billy G & C D Et Al → SAND PIT; 1985-09-06 to 1997-09-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Donaldson Billy G & C D Et Al → Donaldson Sand & Gravel; 1985-09-06 to 1997-09-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Sand Pit → SAND PIT; 1997-09-08 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Donaldson Kyle → SAND PIT; 1997-09-08 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Donaldson Kyle → Sand Pit; 1997-09-08 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history