# Relationship history for MSHA mine 4002183

Current hierarchy: **Ray James T → Bud Coal Company Inc → #9 Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Bud Coal Company Inc → #9 Mine; 1977-01-01 to 1978-05-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Perry Beckham J → #9 Mine; 1977-01-01 to 1978-05-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Perry Beckham J → Bud Coal Company Inc; 1977-01-01 to 1978-05-17; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Bud Coal Company Inc → #9 Mine; 1978-05-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ray James T → #9 Mine; 1978-05-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ray James T → Bud Coal Company Inc; 1978-05-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history