# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3610048

Current hierarchy: **William Joseph  Klapec → Joe Klapec & Son Inc. → Tower Pit**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Joe Klapec & Son Inc. → Tower Pit; 2013-08-26 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** William Joseph  Klapec → Tower Pit; 2013-08-26 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William Joseph  Klapec → Joe Klapec & Son Inc.; 2013-08-26 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history