# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3609909

Current hierarchy: **George J  Welch → Tioga Sand and Rock LLC → Bradshaw Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Tioga Sand and Rock LLC → Bradshaw Mine; 2011-08-10 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** George J  Welch → Bradshaw Mine; 2011-08-10 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** George J  Welch → Tioga Sand and Rock LLC; 2011-08-10 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history