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Lights shall be provided on both ends when required.\n\n(e) Guard nets or other suitable protection shall be provided where tramways pass over roadways, walkways, or buildings.\n\n(f) Guards shall be installed to prevent swaying buckets from hitting towers.\n\n(g) Aerial tramway cable connections shall be designed to offer minimum obstruction to the passage of wheels.\n\n(h) Rocker-bottom or bottom-dump cars shall be equipped with positive locking devices, or other suitable devices.\n\n(i) Ramps and dumps shall be of solid construction, of ample width, have ample clearance and headroom, and be kept reasonably free of spillage.\n\n(j) Chute-loading installations shall be designed so that the men pulling chutes are not required to be in a hazardous position during loading operations.\n\n(k) Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of elevated roadways.\n\n(l) Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping locations.\n\n(m) Roadbeds, rails, joints, switches, frogs, and other elements on railroads shall be designed, installed, and maintained in a safe manner consistent with the speed and type of haulage.\n\n(n) Where practicable, a minimum of 30 inches continuous clearance from the farthest projection of moving railroad equipment shall be provided on at least one side of the tracks; all places where it is not possible to provide 30-inch clearance shall be marked conspicuously.\n\n(o) Track guardrails, lead rails, and frogs shall be protected or blocked so as to prevent a person's foot from becoming wedged.\n\n(p) Positive-acting stop-blocks, derail devices, track skates, or other adequate means shall be installed wherever necessary to protect persons from runaway or moving railroad equipment.\n\n(q) Switch throws shall be installed so as to provide adequate clearance for switchmen.\n\n(r) Where necessary, bumper blocks or the equivalent shall be provided at all track dead ends.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1713","heading":"Daily inspection of surface coal mine; certified person; reports of inspection.","id":"77.1713","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-R/section-77.1713","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"R","subpartHeading":"Subpart R—Miscellaneous","text":"(a) At least once during each working shift, or more often if necessary for safety, each active working area and each active surface installation shall be examined by a certified person designated by the operator to conduct such examinations for hazardous conditions and any hazardous conditions noted during such examinations shall be reported to the operator and shall be corrected by the operator.\n\n(b) If any hazardous condition noted during an examination conducted in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section creates an imminent danger, the person conducting such examination shall notify the operator and the operator shall withdraw all persons from the area affected, except those persons referred to in section 104(d) of the Act, until the danger is abated.\n\n(c) After each examination conducted in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, each certified person who conducted all or any part of the examination required shall enter with ink or indelible pencil in a book approved by the Secretary the date and a report of the condition of the mine or any area of the mine which he has inspected together with a report of the nature and location of any hazardous condition found to be present at the mine. The book in which such entries are made shall be kept in an area at the mine designated by the operator to minimize the danger of destruction by fire or other hazard.\n\n(d) All examination reports recorded in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section shall include a report of the action taken to abate hazardous conditions and shall be signed or countersigned each day by at least one of the following persons:\n\n(1) The surface mine foreman;\n\n(2) The assistant superintendent of the mine;\n\n(3) The superintendent of the mine;\n\n(4) The person designated by the operator as responsible for health and safety at the mine; or,\n\n(5) An equivalent mine official.\n\n(Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.))\n\n[36 FR 9364, May 22, 1971, as amended at 60 FR 33723, June 29, 1995; 63 FR 58613, Oct. 30, 1998]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Highwalls, pits and spoil banks; plans.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-K/section-77.1000","part":"77","subchapter":"O","subpart":"K","id":"77.1000","citation":"30 CFR 77.1000","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":3},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.404","heading":"Machinery and equipment; operation and maintenance.","id":"77.404","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-E/section-77.404","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"E","subpartHeading":"Subpart E—Safeguards for Mechanical Equipment","text":"(a) Mobile and stationary machinery and equipment shall be maintained in safe operating condition and machinery or equipment in unsafe condition shall be removed from service immediately.\n\n(b) Machinery and equipment shall be operated only by persons trained in the use of and authorized to operate such machinery or equipment.\n\n(c) Repairs or maintenance shall not be performed on machinery until the power is off and the machinery is blocked against motion, except where machinery motion is necessary to make adjustments.\n\n(d) Machinery shall not be lubricated while in motion where a hazard exists, unless equipped with extended fittings or cups.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1607","heading":"Loading and haulage equipment; operation.","id":"77.1607","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1607","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"Q","subpartHeading":"Subpart Q—Loading and Haulage","text":"(a) Vehicles shall follow at a safe distance; passing shall be limited to areas of adequate clearance and visibility.\n\n(b) Mobile equipment operators shall have full control of the equipment while it is in motion.\n\n(c) Equipment operating speeds shall be prudent and consistent with conditions of roadway, grades, clearance, visibility, traffic, and the type of equipment used.\n\n(d) Cabs of mobile equipment shall be kept free of extraneous materials.\n\n(e) Operators shall sit facing the direction of travel while operating equipment with dual controls.\n\n(f) When an equipment operator is present, men shall notify him before getting on or off equipment.\n\n(g) Equipment operators shall be certain, by signal or other means, that all persons are clear before starting or moving equipment.\n\n(h) Where possible, aerial tramways shall not be started until the tramway operator has ascertained that everyone is in the clear.\n\n(i) Dust control measures shall be taken where dust significantly reduces visibility of equipment operators.\n\n(j) Dippers, buckets, loading booms, or heavy suspended loads shall not be swung over the cabs of haulage vehicles until the drivers are out of the cabs and in safe locations, unless the trucks are designed specifically to protect the drivers from falling material.\n\n(k) Men shall not work or pass under the buckets or booms of loaders in operation.\n\n(l) Tires shall be deflated before repairs on them are started and adequate means shall be provided to prevent wheel locking rims from creating a hazard during tire inflation.\n\n(m) Electrically powered mobile equipment shall not be left unattended unless the master switch is in the off position, all operating controls are in the neutral position, and the brakes are set or other equivalent precautions are taken against rolling.\n\n(n) Mobile equipment shall not be left unattended unless the brakes are set. The wheels shall be turned into a bank or berm, or shall be blocked, when such equipment is parked on a grade.\n\n(o) Lights, flares, or other warning devices shall be posted when parked equipment creates a hazard to vehicular traffic.\n\n(p) Dippers, buckets, scraper blades, and similar movable parts shall be secured or lowered to the ground when not in use.\n\n(q) Shovel trailing cables shall not be moved with the shovel dipper unless cable slings or sleds are used.\n\n(r) Equipment which is to be hauled shall be loaded and protected so as to prevent sliding or spillage.\n\n(s) When moving between work areas, the equipment shall be secured in the travel position.\n\n(t) Any load extending more than 4 feet beyond the rear of the vehicle body should be marked clearly with a red flag by day and a red light at night.\n\n(u) Tow bars shall be used to tow heavy equipment and a safety chain shall be used in conjunction with each tow bar.\n\n(v) Railroad cars shall be kept under control at all times by the car dropper. Cars shall be dropped at a safe rate and in a manner that will insure that the car dropper maintains a safe position while working and traveling around the cars.\n\n(w) Railroad cars shall not be coupled or uncoupled manually from the inside of curves unless the railroad and cars are so designed to eliminate any hazard from coupling or uncoupling cars from inside of curves.\n\n(x) Persons shall wear safety belts when dropping railroad cars.\n\n(y) Railcars shall not be left on sidetracks unless ample clearance is provided for traffic on adjacent tracks.\n\n(z) Parked railcars, unless held effectively by brakes, shall be blocked securely.\n\n(aa) Railroad cars and all trucks shall be trimmed properly when they have been loaded higher than the confines of their cargo space.\n\n(bb) When the entire length of a conveyor is visible from the starting switch, the operator shall visually check to make certain that all persons are in the clear before starting the conveyor. When the entire length of the conveyor is not visible from the starting switch, a positive audible or visible warning system shall be installed and operated to warn persons that the conveyor will be started.\n\n(cc) Unguarded conveyors with walkways shall be equipped with emergency stop devices or cords along their full length.\n\n(dd) Adequate backstops or brakes shall be installed on inclined-conveyor drive units to prevent conveyors from running in reverse if a hazard to personnel would be caused.\n\n(ee) Aerial tram conveyor buckets shall not be overloaded, and feed shall be regulated to prevent spillage.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Hazard training.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-48/subpart-B/section-48.31","part":"48","subchapter":"H","subpart":"B","id":"48.31","citation":"30 CFR 48.31","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER H—EDUCATION AND TRAINING","partHeading":"PART 48—TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF MINERS","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":2}],"fullCorpus":"/data/title30-sections.json"}}},"meta":{"representation":"json","mineId":"3609341","dataSource":"postgres","snapshotId":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","completedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","sourceCount":20,"totalRows":17906804}}