# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3608859

Current hierarchy: **Santino  Ferretti → N & B ENTERPRISES → Powderly Bank Operation**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** U S Operating Services Holdings Inc → Powderly Bank Operation; 1994-07-01 to 2011-01-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** U. S. Operating Services Company, LLC → Powderly Bank Operation; 2000-06-01 to 2011-04-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** U S Operating Services Holdings Inc → U. S. Operating Services Company, LLC; 2000-06-01 to 2011-01-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Santino  Ferretti → Powderly Bank Operation; 2005-05-16 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Calypso Energy Holdings LLC → Powderly Bank Operation; 2011-01-03 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Calypso Energy Holdings LLC → U. S. Operating Services Company, LLC; 2011-01-03 to 2011-04-07; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Northampton Fuel Supply Company, Inc. → Powderly Bank Operation; 2011-04-08 to 2018-01-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Calypso Energy Holdings LLC → Powderly Bank Operation; 2011-04-08 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Calypso Energy Holdings LLC → Northampton Fuel Supply Company, Inc.; 2011-04-08 to 2018-01-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** N & B ENTERPRISES → Powderly Bank Operation; 2018-01-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Santino  Ferretti → N & B ENTERPRISES; 2018-01-29 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history