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Defaults to the snapshot year; use year=all for history."},"externalContext":{"eia":null,"title30":{"snapshot":{"chapterCount":6,"featuredSectionCount":100,"latestAmendedOn":"2026-08-14","latestIssueDate":"2026-08-14","partCount":206,"sectionCount":5954,"upToDateAsOf":"2026-08-19"},"regulations":[{"chapter":"I","heading":"Independent contractor register.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-45/section-45.4","part":"45","subchapter":"G","subpart":"","id":"45.4","citation":"30 CFR 45.4","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER G—FILING AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS","partHeading":"PART 45—INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":2},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Sanitary toilet facilities at surface work sites; installation requirements.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-71/subpart-F/section-71.500","part":"71","subchapter":"O","subpart":"F","id":"71.500","citation":"30 CFR 71.500","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 71—MANDATORY HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":2},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1104","heading":"Accumulations of combustible materials.","id":"77.1104","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1104","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"L","subpartHeading":"Subpart L—Fire Protection","text":"Combustible materials, grease, lubricants, paints, or flammable liquids shall not be allowed to accumulate where they can create a fire hazard.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1605","heading":"Loading and haulage equipment; installations.","id":"77.1605","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-Q/section-77.1605","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"Q","subpartHeading":"Subpart Q—Loading and Haulage","text":"(a) Cab windows shall be of safety glass or equivalent, in good condition and shall be kept clean.\n\n(b) Mobile equipment shall be equipped with adequate brakes, and all trucks and front-end loaders shall also be equipped with parking brakes.\n\n(c) Positive-action type brakes shall be provided on aerial tramways.\n\n(d) Mobile equipment shall be provided with audible warning devices. Lights shall be provided on both ends when required.\n\n(e) Guard nets or other suitable protection shall be provided where tramways pass over roadways, walkways, or buildings.\n\n(f) Guards shall be installed to prevent swaying buckets from hitting towers.\n\n(g) Aerial tramway cable connections shall be designed to offer minimum obstruction to the passage of wheels.\n\n(h) Rocker-bottom or bottom-dump cars shall be equipped with positive locking devices, or other suitable devices.\n\n(i) Ramps and dumps shall be of solid construction, of ample width, have ample clearance and headroom, and be kept reasonably free of spillage.\n\n(j) Chute-loading installations shall be designed so that the men pulling chutes are not required to be in a hazardous position during loading operations.\n\n(k) Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of elevated roadways.\n\n(l) Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping locations.\n\n(m) Roadbeds, rails, joints, switches, frogs, and other elements on railroads shall be designed, installed, and maintained in a safe manner consistent with the speed and type of haulage.\n\n(n) Where practicable, a minimum of 30 inches continuous clearance from the farthest projection of moving railroad equipment shall be provided on at least one side of the tracks; all places where it is not possible to provide 30-inch clearance shall be marked conspicuously.\n\n(o) Track guardrails, lead rails, and frogs shall be protected or blocked so as to prevent a person's foot from becoming wedged.\n\n(p) Positive-acting stop-blocks, derail devices, track skates, or other adequate means shall be installed wherever necessary to protect persons from runaway or moving railroad equipment.\n\n(q) Switch throws shall be installed so as to provide adequate clearance for switchmen.\n\n(r) Where necessary, bumper blocks or the equivalent shall be provided at all track dead ends.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.205","heading":"Travelways at surface installations.","id":"77.205","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-C/section-77.205","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"C","subpartHeading":"Subpart C—Surface Installations","text":"(a) Safe means of access shall be provided and maintained to all working places.\n\n(b) Travelways and platforms or other means of access to areas where persons are required to travel or work, shall be kept clear of all extraneous material and other stumbling or slipping hazards.\n\n(c) Inclined travelways shall be constructed of nonskid material or equipped with cleats.\n\n(d) Regularly used travelways shall be sanded, salted, or cleared of snow and ice as soon as practicable.\n\n(e) Crossovers, elevated walkways, elevated ramps, and stairways shall be of substantial construction, provided with handrails, and maintained in good condition. Where necessary toeboards shall be provided.\n\n(f) Crossovers shall be provided where it is necessary to cross conveyors.\n\n(g) Moving conveyors shall be crossed only at designated crossover points.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1303","heading":"Explosives, handling and use.","id":"77.1303","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-N/section-77.1303","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"N","subpartHeading":"Subpart N—Explosives and Blasting","text":"(a) Persons who use or handle explosives or detonators shall be experienced men who understand the hazards involved; trainees shall do such work only under the supervision of and in the immediate presence of experienced men.\n\n(b) Blasting operations shall be under the direct control of authorized persons.\n\n(c) Substantial nonconductive closed containers shall be used to carry explosives, other than blasting agents to the blasting site.\n\n(d) Damaged or deteriorated explosives or detonators shall be destroyed in a safe manner.\n\n(e) Where electric blasting is to be performed, electric circuits to equipment in the immediate area to be blasted shall be deenergized before explosives or detonators are brought into the area; the power shall not be turned on again until after the shots are fired.\n\n(f) Explosives shall be kept separated from detonators until charging is started.\n\n(g) Areas in which charged holes are awaiting firing shall be guarded, or barricaded and posted, or flagged against unauthorized entry.\n\n(h) Ample warning shall be given before blasts are fired. All persons shall be cleared and removed from the blasting area unless suitable blasting shelters are provided to protect men endangered by concussion or flyrock from blasting.\n\n(i) Lead wires and blasting lines shall not be strung across power conductors, pipelines, railroad tracks, or within 20 feet of bare powerlines. They shall be protected from sources of static or other electrical contact.\n\n(j) For the protection of underground workers, special precautions shall be taken when blasting in close proximity to underground operations, and no blasting shall be done that would be hazardous to persons working underground.\n\n(k) Holes shall not be drilled where there is danger of intersecting a charged or misfired hole.\n\n(l) Only wooden or other nonsparking implements shall be used to punch holes in an explosive cartridge.\n\n(m) Tamping poles shall be blunt and squared at one end and made of wood, nonsparking material, or of special plastic acceptable to the Mine Safety and Health Administration.\n\n(n) Delay connectors for firing detonating cord shall be treated and handled with the same safety precautions as blasting caps and electric detonators.\n\n(o) Capped primers shall be made up at the time of charging and as close to the blasting site as conditions allow.\n\n(p) A capped primer shall be prepared so that the detonator is contained securely and is completely embedded within the explosive cartridge.\n\n(q) No tamping shall be done directly on a capped primer.\n\n(r) Detonating cord shall not be used if it has been kinked, bent, or otherwise handled in such a manner that the train of detonation may be interrupted.\n\n(s) Fuse shall not be used if it has been kinked, bent sharply, or handled roughly in such a manner that the train of deflagration may be interrupted.\n\n(t) Blasting caps shall be crimped to fuses only with implements designed for that specific purpose.\n\n(u) When firing from 1 to 15 blast-holes with safety fuse ignited individually using hand-held lighters, the fuses shall be of such lengths to provide the minimum burning time specified in the following table for a particular size round:\n\nNumber of holes in a round Minimum burning time, minutes 1 2 2 to 5 22⁄3 6 to 10 31⁄3 11 to 15 5\n\nIn no case shall any 40-second-per-foot safety fuse less than 36 inches long or any 30-second-per-foot safety fuse less than 48 inches long be used.\n\n(v) The burning rate of the safety fuse in use at any time shall be measured, posted in conspicuous locations, and brought to the attention of all men concerned with blasting.\n\n(w) Electric detonators of different brands shall not be used in the same round.\n\n(x) Adequate priming shall be employed to guard against misfires, increased toxic fumes, and poor performance.\n\n(y) Except when being tested with a blasting galvanometer:\n\n(1) Electric detonators shall be kept shunted until they are being connected to the blasting line or wired into a blasting round.\n\n(2) Wired rounds shall be kept shunted until they are being connected to the blasting line.\n\n(3) Blasting lines shall be kept shunted until immediately before blasting.\n\n(z) Completely wired rounds shall be tested with a blasting galvanometer before connections are made to the blasting line.\n\n(aa) Permanent blasting lines shall be properly supported, insulated, and kept in good repair.\n\n(bb) At least a 5-foot airgap shall be provided between the blasting circuit and the power circuit.\n\n(cc) When instantaneous blasting is performed, the double-trunkline or loop system shall be used in detonating-cord blasting.\n\n(dd) When instantaneous blasting is performed, trunklines, in multiple-row blasts, shall make one or more complete loops, with crossties between loops at intervals of not over 200 feet.\n\n(ee) All detonating cord knots shall be tight and all connections shall be kept at right angles to the trunklines.\n\n(ff) Power sources shall be suitable for the number of electrical detonators to be fired and for the type of circuits used.\n\n(gg) Electric circuits from the blasting switches to the blast area shall not be grounded.\n\n(hh) Safety switches and blasting switches shall be labeled, encased in boxes, and arranged so that the covers of the boxes cannot be closed with the switches in the through-circuit or firing position.\n\n(ii) Blasting switches shall be locked in the open position, except when closed to fire the blast. Lead wires shall not be connected to the blasting switch until the shot is ready to be fired.\n\n(jj) The key or other control to an electrical firing device shall be entrusted only to the person designated to fire the round or rounds.\n\n(kk) If branch circuits are used when blasts are fired from power circuits, safety switches located at safe distances from the blast areas shall be provided in addition to the main blasting switch.\n\n(ll) Misfires shall be reported to the proper supervisor and shall be disposed of safely before any other work is performed in that blasting area.\n\n(mm) When safety fuse has been used, men shall not return to misfired holes for at least 30 minutes.\n\n(nn) When electric blasting caps have been used, men shall not return to misfired holes for at least 15 minutes.\n\n(oo) If explosives are suspected of burning in a hole, all persons in the endangered area shall move to a safe location and no one should return to the hole until the danger has passed, but in no case within 1 hour.\n\n(pp) Blasted areas shall be examined for undetonated explosives after each blast and undetonated explosives found shall be disposed of safely.\n\n(qq) Blasted areas shall not be reentered by any person after firing until such time as concentrations of smoke, dust, or fumes have been reduced to safe limits.\n\n(rr) In secondary blasting, if more than one shot is to be fired at one time, blasting shall be done electrically or with detonating cord.\n\n(ss) Unused explosives and detonators shall be moved to a safe location as soon as charging operations are completed.\n\n(tt) When electric detonators are used, charging shall be stopped immediately when the presence of static electricity or stray currents is detected; the condition shall be remedied before charging is resumed.\n\n(uu) When electric detonators are used, charging shall be suspended and men withdrawn to a safe location upon the approach of an electrical storm.","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.208","heading":"Storage of materials.","id":"77.208","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-C/section-77.208","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"C","subpartHeading":"Subpart C—Surface Installations","text":"(a) Materials shall be stored and stacked in a manner which minimizes stumbling or fall-of-material hazards.\n\n(b) Materials that can create hazards if accidentally liberated from their containers shall be stored in a manner that minimizes the dangers.\n\n(c) Containers holding hazardous materials must be of a type approved for such use by recognized agencies.\n\n(d) Compressed and liquid gas cylinders shall be secured in a safe manner.\n\n(e) Valves on compressed gas cylinders shall be protected by covers when being transported or stored, and by a safe location when the cylinders are in use.\n\n[36 FR 9364, May 22, 1971, as amended at 67 FR 42389, June 21, 2002]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 48.29","heading":"Records of training.","id":"48.29","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-48/subpart-B/section-48.29","part":"48","partHeading":"PART 48—TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF MINERS","subchapter":"H","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER H—EDUCATION AND TRAINING","subpart":"B","subpartHeading":"Subpart B—Training and Retraining of Miners Working at Surface Mines and Surface Areas of Underground Mines","text":"(a) Upon a miner's completion of each MSHA approved training program, the operator shall record and certify on MSHA form 5000-23 that the miner has received the specified training. A copy of the training certificate shall be given to the miner at the completion of the training. The training certificates for each miner shall be available at the mine site for inspection by MSHA and for examination by the miners, the miners' representative and State inspection agencies. When a miner leaves the operator's employ, the miner shall be entitled to a copy of his training certificates.\n\n(b) False certification that training was given shall be punishable under section 110 (a) and (f) of the Act.\n\n(c) Copies of training certificates for currently employed miners shall be kept at the mine site for 2 years, or for 60 days after termination of employment.\n\n(Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.))\n\n[43 FR 47459, Oct. 13, 1978, as amended at 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 60 FR 33723, June 29, 1995]","occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","citation":"30 CFR 77.1110","heading":"Examination and maintenance of firefighting equipment.","id":"77.1110","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-77/subpart-L/section-77.1110","part":"77","partHeading":"PART 77—MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES","subchapter":"O","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER O—COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","subpart":"L","subpartHeading":"Subpart L—Fire Protection","text":"Firefighting equipment shall be continuously maintained in a usable and operative condition. Fire extinguishers shall be examined at least once every 6 months and the date of such examination shall be recorded on a permanent tag attached to the extinguisher.\n\n(Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.))\n\n[36 FR 9364, May 22, 1971, as amended at 60 FR 33723, June 29, 1995]","occurrenceCount":2}],"fullCorpus":"/data/title30-sections.json"}}},"meta":{"representation":"json","mineId":"3608607","dataSource":"postgres","snapshotId":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","completedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","sourceCount":20,"totalRows":17906804}}