# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3401838

Current hierarchy: **Jeff  Kerns etal; Robert  Kerns etal → Kerns Construction Inc → KERNS SAND PIT #2**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Kerns Construction Inc → KERNS SAND PIT #2; 1950-01-01 to 2020-12-14; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Kerns Construction Inc → KERNS SAND PIT #2; 2000-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Kerns Construction Inc → Kerns Construction Inc; 2000-01-01 to 2020-12-14; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Jeff  Kerns etal → KERNS SAND PIT #2; 2020-12-15 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Jeff  Kerns etal → Kerns Construction Inc; 2020-12-15 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Robert  Kerns etal → Kerns Construction Inc; 2020-12-15 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history