# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3401486

Current hierarchy: **Philip J  Schwarz Et At; Gene J  Schwarz → Schwarz Sand LLC → Schwarz Sand #1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** White Sand Limited → Schwarz Sand #1; 1985-04-01 to 1995-09-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Norman Plumbing Supply → Schwarz Sand #1; 1985-04-01 to 1995-09-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Norman Plumbing Supply → White Sand Limited; 1985-04-01 to 1995-09-27; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** W & W Sand Inc → Schwarz Sand #1; 1995-09-28 to 2000-02-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Kurt A  Wullich → Schwarz Sand #1; 1995-09-28 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Kurt A  Wullich → W & W Sand Inc; 1995-09-28 to 2000-02-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Schwarz Sand LLC → Schwarz Sand #1; 2000-02-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Philip J  Schwarz Et At → Schwarz Sand #1; 2000-02-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Philip J  Schwarz Et At → Schwarz Sand LLC; 2000-02-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Gene J  Schwarz Et Al → Schwarz Sand LLC; 2000-02-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history