# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3304412

Current hierarchy: **James  Palladino → Ohio Bulk Transfer Company → TWINSBURG SAND & GRAVEL CO.**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-18T09:31:49.615908+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Ohio Bulk Transfer Company → TWINSBURG SAND & GRAVEL CO.; 1998-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** James  Palladino → TWINSBURG SAND & GRAVEL CO.; 1998-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** James  Palladino → Ohio Bulk Transfer Company; 1998-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history