# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3102048

Current hierarchy: **Hanson PLC → Benchmark Carolina Aggregates Inc → ELM CITY**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Hanson PLC → ELM CITY; 1988-11-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Benchmark Carolina Aggregates Inc → ELM CITY; 1990-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Hanson PLC → Benchmark Carolina Aggregates Inc; 1990-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history