# Relationship history for MSHA mine 3004115

Current hierarchy: **Steven Patrick  Ludlow → Ludlow's Sand & Gravel Co. Inc. → LSG 1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Ludlow James → LSG 1; 1950-01-01 to 1995-10-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Ludlow's Sand & Gravel Co. Inc. → LSG 1; 2023-04-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Steven Patrick  Ludlow → LSG 1; 2023-04-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Steven Patrick  Ludlow → Ludlow's Sand & Gravel Co. Inc.; 2023-04-18 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ludlow James → Ludlow's Sand & Gravel Co. Inc.; 2023-04-18 to 1995-10-31; source msha-controller-operator-history